a¯mbn amXyp ISbv¡ð: aS¯d sIm¨pIep¦v A¼m«pho«nð a¯mbnamXyp (96) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: ]tcXbmb adnbm½. a¡Ä: A½nWn, ]tcX\mb a¯mbn, ]tcX\mb hÀKokv, k¡dnb, timim½, Aó½, Genbm½, A¨³Ipªv. acpa¡Ä: ama¨³, tacn¡p«n, Ipª½, Nnó½, ]tcX\mb Ipªptam³, eqt¡m, _m_p, Aó½.

dknbm_oKw NSbawKew: henbhgn \Po_v a³knenð dknbm_oKw (38) \ncymXbmbn. kn]nsF Fw \netað ]cp¯n {_môv AwKhpw alnfmAtkmkntbj³ \netað hntñPvI½nän AwKhpambncpóp. Aѳ: ZmhqZv. A½: \koam_ohn. aIÄ: j^v\.

tPmk^v s^ÀWmïkv Nhd: Ipf§c`mKw tXm¸nð (Ipf§c`mKw thfm¦®n ]Ån¡v Ing¡v) Fenk_¯v s^ÀWmïknsâ aI³ tPmk^v s^ÀWmïkv (48, tPmbn) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: A\nX. a¡Ä: Ip«p, Bjven.

`hm\nA½ sImä¦c: am¼pg acpXqÀho«nð ]tcX\mb ZmtamZc³]nÅbpsS `mcy `hm\nb½ (89) \ncymXbmbn. acWm\´cNS§v RmbdmgvN cmhnse F«n\v. a¡Ä: IpªpIrjvW]nÅ, ]tcX\mb N{µtiJc]nÅ, cm[mIrjvW]nÅ, tKm]meIrjvW]nÅ, _m_p¡p«³]nÅ, cm[maWnb½, Hma\¡p«³]nÅ, ]tcX\mb B\µ¡p«³]nÅ, iin[c³]nÅ. acpa¡Ä: hnae, ]ßIpamcn, hk´Ipamcn, kpeX, IrjvWIpamcn, _meN{µ³]nÅ, efnXmw_nI, _nµptamÄ, an\ntamÄ.

tUm. tPmÀPv tXmakv Icp\mK¸Ån: iniptcmK hnZKv[³ Icp\mK¸Ån amÀ¡än\p kao]w s\Spwônd teIvhyqhnð tPmÀPvtXmakv (tam³, 55) \ncymX\mbn. kwkvImcw shÅnbmgvN ]Ið aqón\v Nm¯óqÀ ssIX¡pgn skâv tXmakv amÀt¯m½m ]Ånbnð. tIm«bw ao\Sw It®m{Xbnð ]tcX\mb sI hn tXmaknsâ aI\mWv. `mcy: tUm. sdbv¨ð tXmakv. a¡Ä: tizX, inð¸.

sIm¨n¡ ]Snªmsd IñS: at{Sm¯pcp¯v InS{]w hS¡v Ip¼f¯v amt«ð sX¡Xnð ]tcX\mb shfp¼sâ `mcy sIm¨n¡ (96) \ncymXbmbn. a¡Ä: Hma\, thWptKm]mð, ]tcX\mb japJ³. acpa¡Ä: _meIrjvW³, ]pjv]½, Aw_pPm£n.

IrjvW³Ip«n\mbÀ imkvXmwtIm«: ]Snªmsd IñS IW¯mÀIpów apï¸Ån Ncphnð IrjvW³Ip«n\mbÀ (88) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: cmP½b½. a¡Ä: hkpÔc, hnPb, hnae, thWp, hnt\mZv, hnPn. acpa¡Ä: cho{µ³\mbÀ, cmaIrjvW³\mbÀ, kp[mIc³]nÅ, cmPhñn, Pm\p, Da.

\mkÀ Icp\mK¸Ån: IpetiJc]pcw BZn\mSv hS¡v BïqÀ tImbv¡ð sIm¨pIpªnsâ (\mjWð kuïvkv) aI³ \mkÀ (36) \ncymX\mbn. Hcpamkwap¼v kuZnbnð\nóv Ah[n¡v \m«nse¯nbXmbncpóp. `mcy: \Zod. a¡Ä: \mZnÀj, _mZpj.

BÀ cmPn sIm«mc¡c: ]Snªmän³Ic s\Spt§m«v ho«nð s\Spt§m«v Fkv {]Xm]N{µ³\mbcpsS (kwØm\ ssk\nIv shðs^bÀ UbdÎtdäv hnImkv `h³, Xncph\´]pcw) `mcy BÀ cmPn (49, kvtääv _m¦v Hm^v {Smh³IqÀ sIm«mc¡c sabn³ imJ) \ncymXbmbn. kwkvImcw hymgmgvN sshIn«v \men\v ho«phf¸nð. sN§óqÀ Xn«tað hm¡bne IpSpw_mwKamWv. aI³: AJnð (A¿¸³, imkvXmwtIm« _nknFw F³Pn\nbdnMv tImtfPv hnZymÀYn).

]n ]ß\m`]nÅ sImñw: \mSI\S\pw {]m¡pfw F³FkvFkv sslkvIqfnse dn«. A[ym]I\pamb {]m¡pfw tXm«phbenð _w¥mhnð ]n ]ß\m`]nÅ (78) \ncymX\mbn. sImñw ImZw_cn, ZriyIe, D]mk\, KoXmÚen, ImfnZmkIemtI{µw, Hm¨nd XqenI, Bän§ð tZim`nam\n XpS§n \nch[n kanXnIfnð A`n\bn¨n«pïv. {]m¡pfw {^kv ¢_nsâ Øm]I\mbncpóp. acWm\´cNS§v RmbdmgvN. `mcy: Pn cm[me£vanb½. a¡Ä: lWncmPv (_nkn\kv), {iocmPv (akv¡äv). acpa¡Ä: kqcPv ]n i¦À, aôp kpIpamc³ (A[ym]nI, FkvF³ {Skväv sk³{Sð kvIqÄ).

tIih³\mbÀ Xncp: t]cqÀ¡S A¼ewap¡v ]nF³BÀFþUn 46 (t{ibw) ho«nð kn sI tIih³\mbÀ (74, dn«. sFsFSn, Uðln) \ncymX\mbn. kwkvImcw 12\v ]Ið Hón\v. `mcy: kck½\mbÀ (dn«. FkvFwFkv C³Ìnäyq«v, Xncph\´]pcw). aIÄ: _nµp thWptKm]mð (I\U). acpaI³: thWptKm]mð (I\U).

koX½mÄ Xfnbð: s]mSnbmSn ]p¯³ho«nð ]tcX\mb kpº¿³ BimcnbpsS `mcy koX½mÄ (83) \ncymXbmbn. acWm\´cNS§v RmbdmgvN cmhnse H¼Xn\v. a¡Ä: cm[mIrjvW³, kptemN\, efnXIpamcn, inhZmkv. acpa¡Ä: hnPbIpamcn, ]tcX\mb \ScmP³, N{µ³ Bimcn, A\nXIpamcn.

{ioIWvT³ ]q´pd: taem¯d ssXhnfmI¯pho«nð ]tcX\mb `mÀKhsâ aI³ {ioIWvT³ (53, _nFkvF³Fð) \ncymX\mbn. acWm\´cNS§v RmbdmgvN cmhnse F«n\v. `mcy: cm[maWn. a¡Ä: imen\n, ssj\n. acpa¡Ä: sI _m_p (BtcmKyhIp¸v), Fkv Pb³ (J¯À).

Pmkv Ig¡q«w: tXmóbv¡ð IpShqÀ Ceh´nbnð Cµohc¯nð _n BÀ Pmkv (37) \ncymX\mbn. kn]nsF Fw tht§mSv shÌv {_môv AwKhpw tXmóbv¡ð kÀhokv klIcW _m¦v Poh\¡mc\pambncpóp. `mcy: Bi.

IrjvW³\mbÀ Iñw]Ån: ]mÀhXn aµnc¯nð dn«. amXr`qan Pnh\¡mc³ Fkv IrjvW³\mbÀ (73) \ncymX\mbn. acWm\´cNS§v RmbdmgvN cmhnse F«n\v. `mcy: kck½. a¡Ä: taml³IpamÀ (KÄ^v), Aw_nImtZhn. acpa¡Ä: Pb{iotaml³, F³ kpIpamÀ.

`mcXnb½ s\«bw: aWnIWvtTizcw tase No\nt¡mW¯pho«nð ]tcX\mb sI ]n sNñ¸³]nÅbpsS `mcy Pn `mcXnb½ (76) \ncymXbmbn. kwkvImcw hymgmgvN ]Ið 1.15\v ssX¡mSv im´nIhmS¯nð. a¡Ä: kn thembp[³\mbÀ (kn]nsF Fw t]cqÀ¡S Gcnb I½nän AwKw, ap³ P\dðsk{I«dn sk{I«dnbäv Fwt¹mbokv Atkm.), IrjvW³\mbÀ (d_À t_mÀUv), hn{Ia³\mbÀ (ae¸pdw), atlizcnb½ (tIcf bqWnthgvknän), lcojvIpamÀ (kÀhokv klIcW_m¦v, h«nbqÀ¡mhv), \µn\nIpamcn, cmtPjvIpamÀ (C´y³ FbÀt^mgvkv, _wKpfqcp), kptcjvIpamÀ. acpa¡Ä: \nÀaemtZhn (saUn¡ð tImtfPv, Xncph\´]pcw), iymafIpamcn, hÕe, cmtP{µ\mYv (tIcf FIvsskkv), APnXIpamcn, k\ðIpamÀ (hnPbtamln\n anð), Nn{X.

imcZ Bän§ð: Iogmän§ð Djm`h\nð imcZ (im´n, amaw, 85) \ncymXbmbn. AhnhmlnXbmWv.

Iae½b½ Bän§ð: h«hnf Nmb¡dmwhnfmI¯v ho«nð ]tcX\mb i¦c¸nÅ (dn«. kq{]ïv, t]mfn)bpsS `mcy _n Iae½b½ (85) \ncymXbmbn. a¡Ä: hÕeIpamcn, taml\IpamÀ, apcfnIpamÀ, IrjvWIpamÀ. acpa¡Ä: cho{µ³]nÅ, Cµnc, A¼nfn.

kckzXnb½ Bän§ð: Ah\htôcn {Kma¯pwap¡v Iosg CfbnSw ho«nð dn«. A[ym]I³ BÀ inhcma³\mbcpsS `mcy kckzXnb½ (82) \ncymXbmbn. a¡Ä: taml\Ipamc³\mbÀ (dn«. sIFkvBÀSnkn), taml³cmPv (_nFkvF³Fð, Iñ¼ew), taml\N{µ³ (kwKoXkvtämÀ), taml³Zmkv (_nFkvF³Fð, Xncph\´]pcw), {Xnhn{Ia³ (sdbnðth, sImñw), kptcjvIpamÀ (kmwkMv kÀhokkv, sImñw). acpa¡Ä: hÕe, kXotZhn (So¨À, FkvsIhnF¨vFkv, IS¼m«ptImWw), caWn, _o\, ip`, an\n (So¨À, {ioNn{Xhnemkw _nF¨vFkv, Nndbn³Iogv).

F kpioe³ ]bäphnf: _nµp`h\nð kpioe³ (aWnb³, 61) \ncymX\mbn. kn]nsF Fw D¨¡S {_môv AwKambncpóp. acWm\´cNS§v sNmÆmgvN cmhnse F«n\v. `mcy: kn efnX. a¡Ä: jmPn, inhIpamÀ (]pXpamkv), _nµpe£van. acpa¡Ä: [\y, {ioIe, A\nðIpamÀ.

tIih³\mbÀ Xncp: t]cqÀ¡S A¼eap¡v ]nF³BÀF Un46 (t{ibw) ho«nð kn sI tIih³\mbÀ (74, sFsFän Uðln (dnt«kv) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: kck½\mbÀ (FkvFwFkv C³kvänäyq«v Xncph\´]pcw (dn«.). aIÄ: _nµp thWptKm]mð (Im\U). sNdpaIÄ: t{ib. kwkvImcw 12\v ]Ið Hón\v.

hnizw`c³ IñnbqÀ: ]póaqSv hmdphnfmI¯pho«nð hnizw`c³ (70) \ncymX\mbn. acWm\´cNS§v 15\v cmhnse H¼Xn\v. A½: `mÀKhn. `mcy: cm[. a¡Ä: ip`, tim`. acpaI³: a\p.

X¦½ IñnbqÀ: ]póaqSv Imhphnfho«nð X¦½ (tdmknen, 73) \ncymXbmbn. acWm\´cNS§v 14\v cmhnse H¼Xn\v. a¡Ä: am[h³ (_m_p, dn«. sIFkvBÀSnkn), tkma³, IrjvW½, thWp, Pb. acpa¡Ä: Xpfkn (So¨À, F¨vFkvFkv, ]póaqSv), N{µnI, hnZym[c³, KoX, chn.

inhcma³ _mecma]pcw: Xmónhnf Ic¡m«phnf ]p¯³ho«nð ]n inhcma³ (73) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: iymaf. a¡Ä: {]`mIc³, iin[c³ (apcfn), aZ\³.

P\mÀZ\³\mbÀ Xncp: IayqWnÌv ]mÀSnbpsS BZyIme t\Xmhpw Xncph\´]pcw knänbnð tZim`nam\n]{X¯nsâ BZy GPâpamb tat¡]«w _ÀamtdmUv aTatase ho«nð BÀ P\mÀZ\³\mbÀ (72) \ncymX\mbn. 1954ð IayqWnÌv ]mÀSn AwKamb P\mÀZ\³\mbÀ 1957 BKkvXv 15 apXð tZim`nam\n knän Hm^oknð Aäâdmbncpóp. 1964 apXemWv ]{X¯nsâ Xncph\´]pcw knän GPâmbXv. 1965 apXð ]¯phÀjw kn]nsF Fw kwØm\ I½nän Hm^okv {]hÀ¯I\mbn. tZim`nam\nbpsS {]NmcW¯n\v kabw XnIbm¯Xn\mð kwØm\ I½nän Hm^okv tPmenbnð\nóv HgnhmIpIbpw ]{X{]NmcWcwK¯v kPohamIpIbpw sNbvXp. 1959ð hntamN\kacIme¯v HmhÀ{_nUvPv ssaXm\nbnð sNs¦mSn DbÀ¯nbXn\v tIm{KkpImÀ {Iqcambn aÀZn¡pIbpw sdbnðth ]mf¯nsednbpIbpw sNbvXp. CXnsâ `mKambn tIÄhniàn \ãs¸SpIbpw aäp imcocnI{]iv\§Ä DïmIpIbpw sNbvXp. kn]nsF Fw saUn¡ð tImtfPv tem¡ð I½nän sk{I«dnbmbpw IÀjIkwLw hônbqÀ Gcnb I½nänbwKambpw {]hÀ¯n¨n«pïv. \nehnð kn]nsF Fw Ce¦w {_môv AwKambncpóp. ZoÀLImew ]«w ]»nIv sse{_dnbpsS sk{I«dnbmbpw {]hÀ¯n¨p. a{´n Fw hnPbIpamÀ, kn]nsF Fw Pnñm sk{I«dn ISIw]Ån kptc{µ³, tabÀ kn Pb³_m_p, {SnU sNbÀam³ kn APbIpamÀ, ]nc¸³tImSv apcfn, kn sI Kp]vX³ FónhÀ P\mÀZ\³\mbcpsS hkXnbnse¯n BZcmRvPen AÀ¸n¨p. `mcy: BÀ eoe. a¡Ä: sP hnt\mZv (tZim`nam\n), Fð A\ojy. acpa¡Ä: N{µIm´v (FknFkv sSIvt\mfPokv, \´³tImSv), _n\p \mbÀ (sF kvss{I_v).

knÌÀ B\n ]póqkv A´cn¨p Xncp: kmaqly, PohImcpWy {]hÀ¯\cwK§fnse kPoh kmón[yambncpó knÌÀ B\n ]póqkv (73) \ncymXbmbn. iwJpwapJw tXm¸v skâvtdmIvkv tImshânð _p[\mgvN ]peÀs¨ aqón\mbncpóp A´yw. AkpJ_m[sb¯pSÀóv Ipd¨p\mfmbn NnInÕbnembncpóp. AhiXb\p`hn¨ncpóhÀ¡mbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§fnð Fópw apónepïmbncpó B\n ]póqkv "IayqWnÌv knÌÀ' FómWv Adnbs¸«ncpóXv. hymgmgvN cmhnse F«n\v tXm¸v skâv B³kv ]Ånbnse NS§pIÄ¡ptijw Xangv\mSv apXpIn³aqSv C³^âv Pokkv tImshâv skant¯cnbnð arXtZlw kwkvIcn¡pw. skâvtdmIvkv tImshâv kvIqfnse amt\Pcmbn tkh\w A\pjvTn¨n«pÅ knÌÀ B\n ]póqkv aÕys¯mgnemfnIÄ AS¡apÅ ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v klmbhpambn Fópw apónepïmbncpóp. Fñmhn`mK¯nepapÅ ]mhs¸«hsc klmbn¡póXn\mbn sh«pIm«v cq]oIcn¨ t{kmXkv, henbXpdbnð aÕys¯mgnemfnIÄ¡mbn cq]oIcn¨ sNdpcivan Fóo kwcw`§fpsS cq]oIcW¯nð apJy]¦phln¨p. tIcf¯nse ]ptcmKa\, kv{XohntamN\ {]Øm\§fpambn ASp¯ _Ôw ]peÀ¯nbncpóp. imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnj¯nsâ Xncph\´]pcw Pnñm I½nän AwKambncpóp. 1936 HtÎm_À 22\v Ip«\mSv ]pfn¦póv ]pcbn¡ð ImhmepIfw tPmk^v ]póqknsâbpw tdmk½ ]póqknsâbpw H¼Xp a¡fnð F«maXmbmWv knÌÀ B\n P\n¨Xv. 1962 P\phcn Aôn\v Xncphkv{Xw kzoIcn¨p. sFknFw kntÌgvkv kaql¯nembncpóp {]hÀ¯\w. 1963ð Xncph\´]pc¯v F¯n. Hcp hÀjw skâv tdmIvkv kvIqfnð ¢À¡mbn tPmen t\m¡n. XpSÀóv ]mfbwtIm«bnð A[ym]nIbmbn tPmensNbvXp. Xangv\m«nse {iohnñn]p¯qcnð k`bpsS IognepÅ kvIqfnð aqóphÀjw slUvankv{Skmbncpóp. 1970 apXð 1972 hsc tdmanð XntbmfPn ]T\w \S¯n. XpSÀóv 1977 hsc B{^n¡bnse tImwtKmbnð anjWdn {]hÀ¯\w \S¯n. skâv tdmIvkv kp¸ocnbÀ, Unkv{SnÎv IukneÀ, Unkv{SnÎv s{]mkn³jyð Fóo \neIfnð {]hÀ¯n¨p. 1981emWv PohImcpWy {]hÀ¯\cwK¯pw {i²]Xn¸n¨p XpS§nbXv. ktlmZc§Ä: tXc½, tSman, ]tcXcmb ^m. sI ]n tPmk^v, adnb¡p«n, knÌÀ tPm³ Hm^v BÀ¡v, Ipª¸³, timim½, am¯¨³.

s]mgn¡c No¸v ]me¯n\v kao]w AÚmXarXtZlw Nm¯óqÀ: ]chqÀ s]mgn¡c No¸v ]me¯n\v kao]w AÚmX arXtZlw Isï¯n. _p[\mgvN cmhnse \m«pImcmWv arXtZlw IïXv. arXtZl¯n\v cïpZnhks¯ ]g¡apÅXmbn ]chqÀ s]meokv Adnbn¨p.

]ckyt_mÀUnð X«nhoWv ss_¡v bm{X¡mc³ acn¨p Icp\mK¸Ån: apódnbn¸nñmsX sh«n¯ncn¨ s]«nHmt«mbnð CSn¡mXncn¡m³ tdmUcnInte¡v ss_¡v Hgn¨pamäsh ]ckyt_mÀUnð X«nhoWv bphmhv acn¨p. ¢m¸\ hchnf ]mWñqÀXdbnð cmtPjv (35) BWv acn¨Xv. IgnªZnhkw D¨bv¡v hÆm¡mhv PMvj\p kao]w hÅn¡mhv tdmUnemWv kw`hw. kuZnbnð\nóv Ah[n¡v \m«nse¯nb cmtPjv 26\v aS§nt¸mIm\ncn¡pIbmbncpóp. `mcyho«nðt]mbn aS§pwhgnbmbncpóp A]ISw. Aѳ: btim[c³. A½: PKZ½. `mcy: jn\n. aI³: ssj³cmPv.

InWänð acn¨\nebnð tImhfw: hr²sb hoSn\Sp¯pÅ InWänð acn¨\nebnð Isï¯n. IñnbqÀ Im¡maqe sIm¨ptXm¸v Ncphnf ho«nð Zmk³\mSmcpsS `mcy Iaem_mbn (68)bmWv ]q¦pfw ¹mhnf tdm_n³\nhmknse aIfpsS hoSn\Sp¯pÅ InWänð acn¨\nebnð ImWs¸«Xv. _p[\mgvN ]peÀ¨ apXð Iaem_mbnsb ImWmXmbncpóp. XpSÀóv \S¯nb At\zjW¯nemWv arXtZlw InWänð Isï¯nbXv. Aánia\tk\m F¯n ]Ið aqtómsS arXtZlw ]pds¯Sp¯p. arXtZlw saUn¡ð tImtfPv tamÀ¨dnbnð. a¡Ä: I\IcmPv, X¦cmPv, kpKÔn. acpa¡Ä: __nX, \nÀaecmPv, hnZym[c³.

bphmhns\ sImes¸Sp¯n Ipgn¨paqSnb \nebnð shÅdS: bphmhns\ sh«ns¡mes¸Sp¯n Ipgn¨paqSnb \nebnð Isï¯n. AXnÀ¯nbnð Acpa\ ]m]¨ kztZin hn³kân(35) s\bmWv sImes¸Sp¯n Ipgn¨paqSnb \nebnð Isï¯nbXv. kw`hhpambn _Ôs¸«v Acpa\ ImtcmSv Im«ps]m¯nð chnIpamdn(37)s\ Acpa\ s]meokv AdÌvsNbvXp. s]meokv ]dbpóXv C§s\: kplr¯p¡fmb hn³kâpw chnIpamdpw Ignª Aôn\v chnIpamdnsâ ho«nencpóv aZy]n¨p. aZyelcnbnð chnIpamdnsâ `mcytbmSv hn³kâv A]acymZbmbn s]cpamdm³ {ian¨p. kw`h¯nð {]tIm]nX\mb chnIpamÀ Bdn\v `mcysb A½bpsS ho«nð ]dªb¨Xn\ptijw hn³kâns\ Iq«nhóv aZy]n¨Xn\ptijw IrXyw \S¯n. hoSnsâ ]pdInð ASp¡fbv¡mbn \nÀamWw ]qÀ¯nbmIpó Øe¯v Ipgn¨n«v tIm{Ioäv sN¿pIbmbncpóp. hn³kâns\ ImWm\nsñó `mcy kpioebpsS ]cmXnbmWv At\zjWw chnIpamdnð F¯n\nóXv. _p[\mgvN sshIn«v Acpa\ knsF s]cpamÄ AgInsâ t\XrXz¯nð chnIpamdns\ AdÌvsN¿pIbmbncpóp. hnfh³tImSv XlknðZmÀ s]mópkzman kw`hØew kµÀin¨v \S]SnIÄ¡v t\XrXzw \ðIn.

IÀWmSI¯nð hml\m]ISw; Xfn¸d¼v kztZin acn¨p Xfn¸d¼v: IÀWmSI¯nð hml\m]IS¯nð Xfn¸d¼v kztZin acn¨p. ]pfn¼d¼nse hc¼papdnb³ Ajd^m (30) Wv acn¨Xv. ]cnt¡ä sNmdp¡fbnse jm\n_n (20) s\ awKfqcp Bip]{Xnbnð {]thin¸n¨p. Xfn¸d¼nð\nóv IÀWmSI¯nse kmwKfbnte¡v ]gw hm§m³ ]mb an\ntemdn AwtKmebnð asämcp temdnbpambn Iq«nbnSn¡pIbmbncpóp. an\ntemdnbnse ss{Uhdmb Ajd^v Xð£Ww acn¨p. Xfn¸d¼nse Pm^À {^q«v skâdnse ss{UhdmWv. ]pfn¼d¼nse Im«nIq«¯nð apkvX^bpsSbpw ^m¯nabpsSbpw aI\mWv. `mcy: PwjoZ. a¡Ä: A³hÀ, knb, ^m¯na. ktlmZc§Ä: djoZv (bpFC), \ujmZv, hmlnZv, \u^ð, sjco^, ]tcX\mb A³hÀ.

Xohïn X«n acn¨p N¡c¡ð: Xmsg sNmÆbnð hnapà`S³ Xohïn X«n acn¨p. XnemóqÀ k{Xw tdmUnð tdmkv `h\nð sI tPmk^mWv (48) acn¨Xv. sNmÆmgvN cm{Xn amlnbnse _Ôpho«nð \nópw I®qcnte¡v hcsh Xmsg sNmÆbnð Cd§m³ {ian¡pt¼mgmWv A]ISw. Pnñm Bip]{Xnbnepw XSÀóv tImgnt¡mSv saUn¡ð tImtfPmip]{Xnbnepw F¯ns¨¦nepw c£n¡m\mbnñ. `mcy: Aó½. a¡Ä: tdmkn, Pkvän³, dn³kn.

ISh¯qÀ kztZin tImb¼¯qcnð hml\m]IS¯nð acn¨p ]m\qÀ: ISh¯qÀ kztZin tImb¼¯qcnð hml\m]IS¯nð acn¨p. tImb¼¯qcnð hym]mcnbmb FSh\¨menð ]p¯³]oSnIbnð IWmc\m(_me³ þ63)Wv amÀ¡änte¡v t]mIpt¼mÄ ss_¡nSn¨v acn¨Xv. `mcy: Pm\p. a¡Ä: KoX, kpPmX, kp\nX, kpanX. acpa¡Ä: taml\³, ]pcpjp, ]hn{X³, taml\³ (hnft¡m«qÀ). ktlmZc§Ä: HW¡³, Ipªn¡®³, Nocq«n, \mWp, Ipªncma³.

tjmt¡äv acn¨p awKfqcp: A_²¯nð Ce{ÎnIv ^yqknð X«nb bphmhv tjmt¡äv acn¨p. DÅmense AÐpÄe¯o^v þ\_ok Z¼XnIfpsS aI³ saml½Zv sjco^m(19)Wv acn¨Xv. DÅmÄ ZÀK¡Sps¯ ]mcokv tlm«en\v apónemWv A]ISw. tlm«en\v apónend¡nb ]qgn IS¯th kao]s¯ t]mkvänð Aekambn LSn¸n¨ ^yqknð X«nbt¸mgmWv tjmt¡äXv. bphmhv kw`hØe¯pXsó acn¨p. ]gIn {Zhn¨ ^yqkv amän Øm]n¡Wsaóv \m«pImÀ \nch[n XhW Bhiys¸s«¦nepw ]ômb¯v A[nIrXÀ X¿mdmbnñ. A]ISs¯ XpSÀóv tcmjmIpecmb \m«pImÀ ]ômb¯v Hm^okv XIÀ¯p. Poh\¡msc ssItbäw sNbvXp. XpSÀóv Øes¯¯nb s]meokv BfpIsf em¯n hoin HmSn¨p. A{Iaw \S¯nb 23 t]sc Adkväv sNbvXp.

]mcokvtlm«ð DSa AÐpÄAkokv Xeticn: Xeticnbnse {]ikvXamb ]mcokv {Kq¸v Øm]\ DSa Im¿¯vtdmUv skdn³hnñbnð Sn kn AÐpÄAkokv(68) \ncymX\mbn. ]mcokv{]knU³kn, ]mcokvtlm«ð, ]mcokvtemUvPv, Snkn kvtäj\dn FónhbpsS amt\PnMv]mÀSvWdmWv. `mcy: kdo\. a¡Ä: dmjnZv(Zp_mbv), jndmkv(]mcokv,Xeticn), \mko\o³(Zp_mbv), X\qP(sNssó), aplvkn\. acpa¡Ä: Dssad, kPv\(I®qÀ), XmcnJv(Zp_mbv), Pkoð(sNssó), j¡oð(kuZn). ktlmZc§Ä: ]tcX\mb s{]m^. Sn kn B_q«n(\nÀaeKncn tImtfPv), Sn kn JmenZv lmPn(]mcokv, Xeticn), k^nb, Paoe, kpss_Z, Akva. kn]nsF Fw Pnñm sk{I«dn ]n iin, sk{I«dnbäwK§fmb ]pôbnð \mWp, Sn IrjvW³, H hn \mcmbW³, Gcnbmsk{I«dn Imcmbn cmP³, Unknkn{]knUâv ]n cmaIrjvW³, sFF³Fð kwØm\ {]knUâv Fkv F ]pXnbhf¸nð, apÉnweoKv Pnñm sk{I«dn AUz. ]n hn ssk\p±o³ XpS§nbhÀ ho«nse¯n A´ntam]NmcaÀ¸n¨p. AÐpÄAkoknsâ \ncymW¯nð kn]nsF Fw kwØm\ sk{I«dn ]nWdmbn hnPb\pw B`y´ca{´n tImSntbcn _meIrjvW\pw A\ptimNn¨p.

Idph³ G¨qÀ: G¨qÀ ]tóym«v aqebnse ]ïmchf¸nð Idph³ (80) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: Zab´n. a¡Ä: cmP³, Dj, jo_, {]im´³, {]anX, \nim´³. acpa¡Ä: ]tcX\mb N{µ³, cho{µ³, D¯a³, Zo], _o\, tdmjv\.

\qdmw hbknð s]cnt§mw: tXmt«³Nmense aä¡m«v ]ctaizc³\mbÀ (100) \ncymX\mbn. kwkvImcw hymgmgvN cmhnse ]¯n\v Xdhm«v hf¸nð. `mcy: ]tcXbmb ]m¸n A½. a¡Ä: ]¦Pm£³\mbÀ (sNdp]pg sPFw bp]n kvIqÄ dn«. A[ym]I³), inhZmk³\mbÀ (F³FkvFkv Npï bqWnäv {]knUâv), \tc{µ\mYv, kXojv_m_p, KoX, at\maWnb½, e£van¡p«nb½, ]tcXcmb \mcmbW³, taml³Zmkv. acpa¡Ä: \mcmbW³\mbÀ, im´½, cpKvanWn, `mcXnb½, Iae½, ZnhmIc³\mbÀ, hnPbIpamcn, hnPb³.

am[hn ]mfnb¯v hf¸v: shÅphf¸nð am[hn (90) \ncymXbmbn. `À¯mhv: ]tcX\mb s]\mt¨cn Ipª¸p. a¡Ä: ]tcX\mb cmLh³, _me³, imcZ (Npï), btimZ (CSt¡¸pdw), {ioaXn, kuan\n (kn]nsF Fw ]mfnb¯v hf¸v {_môwKw), X¦aWn (CcnWmhv). acpa¡Ä: kXn (]t®cn), KoX (]pfn¼d¼v), Zmk³ (Xfnbnð), hn hn N{µ³ (kn]nsF Fw ]mfnb¯vhf¸v {_môwKw), Ipªn¡®³ (CcnWmhv), ]tcXcmb Xncph¼mSn \mcmbW³ (hnapà`S³), sF¡mð cmLh³ (CSt¡¸pdw). ktlmZc³: \mcmbW³. kôb\w shÅnbmgvN.

]mdp IpªnawKew: IpªnawKew Kh. lbÀsk¡³Udn kvIqfn\v kao]s¯ ]«ph³ ]mdp (85) \ncymXbmbn. a¡Ä: Pm\In, ImÀXymb\n, IrjvW³, iin, X¼mbn, kpan{X.

\mcmbWn Gtgmw: \cnt¡mSv Actbmfs¯ Iït¼¯v \mcmbWn (80) \ncymXbmbn. kwkvImcw _p[\mgvN cmhnse H¼Xn\v kapZmb ivaim\¯nð. `À¯mhv: ]tcX\mb ]n hn I®³. aI³: tKmhnµ³ (J¯À). acpaIÄ: iymaf. ktlmZc§Ä: ]mÀhXn (aïqÀ), ImÀXymb\n (Iptäycn), \mcmbW³ (\cnt¡mSv).

\mcmbW³ AXncIw: sImbm¼nð luknð \mcmbW³ (84) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: Iaem£n. a¡Ä: kckp (t_mws_ UbnMv, I®qÀ), ssieP, kPoh³ (kmPvhnj³ I¡mSv), kPn\n, kPnX, k\nX. acpa¡Ä: IrjvW³ (]\¦mhv), kXoi³ (jmÀP), kÔy, _m_pcmPv (sk{I«dn, FfbmhqÀ kÀhokv klIcW _m¦v), {]Imi³ (kuZn), PnPojv (_nkn\kv).

tcmlnWnb½ tamdmg: ]tcX\mb Xeh«tWm³ tKm]me³ \¼ymcpsS `mcy s]m¿nð ho«nð tcmlnWnb½ (68) \ncymXbmbn. a¡Ä: taml\³ (apwss_), {]Imi³ (a[y{]tZiv), thWptKm]me³ (akvIäv), cm[mIrjvW³ (J¯À), kt´mjv (anen«dn). acpa¡Ä: KoX (]mt´m«w), {]oX (sImft¨cn), Pb (tIme¯v hbð), ]ßP (sNdpIpóv), joP (shÅn¡oð), ktlmZc§Ä: _meIrjW³ \¼ymÀ (FðsFkn _¡fw) Zm£mbWn (sam«½ð), ]tcXcmb \mWp \¼ymÀ, ImÀXymb\n, btimZ. kôb\w i\nbmgvN cmhnse H¼Xn\v.

Ipª¼p s]mXphmÄ Xr¡cn¸qÀ: sImtbm¦cbnse \ncnbnSnbnð Ipª¼p s]mXphmÄ (77) \ncymXb\mbn. `mcy: aª X¼mbn. a¡Ä: a[pkqZ\³, kXoi³ (Ftñm sSbvtegvkv \S¡mhv), iymaf. acpa¡Ä: eX, cmLh³ (X¦bw), kvanX. ktlmZcn: ]mÀhXn.

I®³ I®]pcw: CSt¡¸pdw sX¡v IqfnhmXp¡ð I®³ (84) \ncymX\mbn. kwkvImcw hymgmgvN CSt¡¸pdw ]pó¨ns¡mÆð ivaim\¯nð. `mcy: Xpïnhf¸nð Pm\In. a¡Ä: taml\³ (kuZn), {]`mIc³, {]Zo]³ (Zp_mbv), {]Imi³ (Zp_mbv). acpa¡Ä: do\ (_¡fw), khnX (ISt¼cn), bap\ (sh§c), jo\ (CSt¡¸pdw).

cma³\mbÀ sNdpIpóv: HZbòmSs¯ ]pXntb«n cma³\mbÀ (75) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: tZhIn. a¡Ä: efnX, AtimI³, X¼m³, inhcma³, A\nX. acpa¡Ä: _meIrjvW³, knÔp, do\, kpteJ, AtimI³.

apl½ZvIpªn ]gb§mSn: amcmbn]Ån PamA¯v I½nän {]knUâv sI apl½ZvIpªn (56) \ncymX\mbn. `mcyamÀ: \^okm_ohn, ]tcXbmb \^ok. a¡Ä: \Po_v, apl½Zv\mkÀ (jmÀP), ^m¯n_n, Abnjm_n, IZoPm_n, ssk\m_n, Pm^ÀkmZnJv. acpa¡Ä: apl½Zvauehn, ^m¯n_n, Paoe, AÐpÄ PºmÀ, AÐpÀ dlow, jmln\. ktlmZc§Ä: sambvXp, JmenZv, ^m¯na, B¯na, AÐpÄ dlvam³, AÐpÅ lmPn, ]tcX\mb Bap\n.

\mcmbW³ \mbÀ Fcph«n: IayqWnkväv]mÀSnbpsS BZyIme {]hÀ¯I³ Im¸p½ense th§m«wIïn \mcmbW³ \mbÀ(78) \ncymX\mbn. kwkvImcw hymgmgvN cmhnse H¼Xn\v ho«phf¸nð. `mcy: ImÀXymb\n. a¡Ä: AtimI³(_nFkvF^v), cm[mIrjvW³(F³SnSnF^v, _wKfqcp), hÕe, KoX, t{]ahñn. acpa¡Ä: N{µ³(KÄ^v), ZmtamZc³, t{]aZmk³, A\nX, efnX(A[ym]nI).

IeymWn N¼mSv: ao¯se N¼ms« hÅnsXmSphbnð IeymWn(82) \ncymXbmbn. ]tcXcmb Ipª¼phnsâbpw amWnIy¯nsâbpw aIfmWv. `À¯mhv: \mWp. a¡Ä: kptc{µ³, iio{µ³, kpioe. acpa¡Ä: iin, {]oX, eoe.

Ipª¼p \mbÀ Imª§mSv: AXnbm¼qcnse ]md¡mS³ ho«nð ]n Ipª¼p\mbÀ (73) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: ktcmPn\n. a¡Ä: KoX, KncojvIpamÀ, KncnP. acpa¡Ä: sI cmP³, _metKm]me³. ktlmZc§Ä: Pm\In, _memaWn.

cmLh³ ImkÀtImSv: kn]nknBÀsF dn«. DtZymKس tNcss¦ IS¸pds¯ cmLh³ _ñym (64) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: kpioe. a¡Ä: kpNn{X, kpPnXvIpamÀ. acpaI³: kpIpamc³. ktlmZc§Ä: `hm\n (]p¯qÀ), ]ctaizcn (tNcss¦ IS¸pdw).

sIm«³ apómSv: Xtñcn Nmense sIm«³ (70) \ncymX\mbn. `mcy: am[hn. a¡Ä: kPnXv, kuay. acpaI³: hnt\mZvIpamÀ (]pent¡mSv).

OÀZn: Hóc hbkpImc³ acn¨p D¸f: OÀZnsb¯pSÀóv Bip]{Xnbnð {]thin¸n¨ Hóc hbkpImc³ acn¨p. D¸f t_¡qdnse AÐpñbpsSbpw kpa¿bpsSbpw aI³ kmenImWv acn¨Xv. cïpZnhkap¼mWv awKfqcp hnse Bip]{Xnbnð {]thin¸n¨Xv.

hntñPv Hm^okÀ IpgªphoWp acn¨p Imª§mSv: hntñPv Hm^okÀ hmSI IzmÀt«gvknð IpgªphoWv acn¨p. s]cnb hntñPv Hm^okÀ sImñw Nhd tXm¸nð kztZin tPmk^v s^ÀWmïkv (49) BWv IpWnbbnse hmSI IzmÀt«gvknð _p[\mgvN ]peÀs¨ IpgªvhoWv acn¨Xv. Ignª Hóc hÀjambn s]cnb hntñPv Hm^okdmbn {]hÀ¯n¨v hcnIbmbncpóp. Aѳ: ]tcX\mb s^ÀWmïkv. A½: Fenk_¯v. `mcy: A\nX (A[ym]nI, Xncph\´]pcw). a¡Ä: Ip«p, BjvPn. ktlmZc§Ä: tPm, tPmkv.

kp-Ip-am-cn ao-\§m-Sn-: am-\n-Im-hv- sh«p-Iñmw-am-¡ð- ]tcX\m-b `m-kv-Icsâ aIÄ- kp-Ip-am-cn-(40)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N ]Ið- H¼Xn-\v- ho-«p-hf¸nð.- A½: im-cZ.-

Ip-ªn-Ir-jv-W¡p-dp-¸v- tNcm-]p-cw- : cbcw-Iïn-bnð- Xm-akn-¡pw- I¡ïn-bnð- Ip-ªn-Ir-jv-W¡p-dp-¸v- (80)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kôb\w- hym-gm-gv-N.- `m-cy-: Pm-\p- A½.- a¡Ä-: tKm-]n-\m-Yv- (_lv-ssd³),- t{]aN{µ³- (AÀ-_³- _m-¦v hSIc),- ]p-jv-]eX,- khn-X,- `m-kp-c.- acp-a¡Ä-: Atim-I³,- kXy-\mY³,- hn-Pb³-.- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: \m-Wp¡p-dp-¸v,- \m-cm-bWn- A½.-

hn- ]n- cm-Lh³- hÅn-¡m-Sv- : ap³-Im-e \m-SI\S³- hÅn-¡m-Sv- {io-cm-K¯n-se hn- ]n- cm-Lh³- (62)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- tNm-tdm-Sv- sIFFw- bp-]n- kv-IqÄ- A[ym-]I\pw- hn-ñym-¸Ån- kp-µcIem- kan-Xn,- bp-hIem-kmln-Xn- Fón-hbp-sS {]hÀ-¯I\m-bn-cp-óp.- `m-cy-: t__n- ]p-jv-].- (A[ym-]n-I hcn-iy-¡p-\n- bp-]n- kv-IqÄ),- a¡Ä-: tcm-jn-¯v- (akv-¡äv),- k\o-Xv- (F³-Pn-\n-bÀ),- Pq-\.- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: eo-e,- ap-Ip-µ³,- {io-[c³,- cm-P³,- btim-Z.

D½m-¯p- lÖp-½ hn-ñym-¸Ån- : ]tcX\m-b \Sp-hn-e¡ïn- a½p-hn-sâ `m-cy- ap-fn-tbcn- D½m-¯p- lÖp-½ (85)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- a¡Ä-: D½À- (a¿óqÀ),- AÐp-Å (Zp-_m-bv-),- Bky, ssk\_,- Pamð- (ku-Zn).- acp-a¡Ä-: ssaaq-\¯v (t]cm-{¼),- kp-ss_Z (sam-tIcn-),- Ip-ªÐp-Å lm-Pn- (Itñcn),- Dkv-am³-lm-Pn- (ta¸bnð),- Bbn-j (hn-ñy-m-¸Ån).- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: Sn- ]n- aq-k,- ]tcX\m-b a½p.-

AÚm-XPUw- Isï¯n- Hôn-bw-: am-ln- sdbnð-sh kv-täj\v- kao-]w- _kv- sjð-«dnð- AÚm-XPUw- Isï¯n.- GXm-ïv- 55 hbÊv- tXm-ón-¡p-ó ]p-cp-j\m-Wv.- - sNm-Æm-gv-N cm-hn-sebm-Wv- IïXv.- ]m-e¡m-Sv- kz-tZin-bm-sWóv- kw-ibn-¡p-óp.- Im-hn-ap-ïpw- shÅbnð- Np-hó hcbp-Å lm-^v- jÀ-«p-am-Wv- thjw.- PUw- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv- saUn-¡ð- saUn-¡ð- tIm-tfPv- Bip-]{Xn- tamÀ-¨dn-bnð.-

th-em-bp-[-³ ]q-Æm-«p-]-d-¼v-:- I-½-\-]p-dm-bnð- th-em-bp-[-³ (74)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- `m-cy-:- im-c-Z.- a-¡Ä-:- _m-_p,- in-h-Zm-k-³,- do-P,- do-\,- A-\nð-Ip-amÀ.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- cm-Po-hv,- tam-l-\-³,- kn-Ôp,- c-P-\n,- ku-ay.-

kp-io-e I®m-«n-¡p-fw-: ]gbho-«nð- ]tcX\m-b Ir-jv-Wsâ `m-cy- kp-io-e (92)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- a¡Ä-: tZhm-\p-P³,- ]tcX\m-b Achn-µIp-amÀ,- kXo-jv-Ip-amÀ,- kt´m-jv-Ip-amÀ,- iin-Ie.-- acp-a¡Ä-: im-´Ip-am-cn,- \o-\,- kp-eX,- kp-{_ÒWy³.-

Ir-jv-W³- \òï: Iq-fn-s¸m-bnð- sNdm-¦c Ir-jv-W³- (55)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kôb\w-: Rm-bdm-gv-N.- A½: am-[hn.- `m-cy-: ssjeP (ht«m-fn).- aIÄ-: BXn-c (\òï F¨v-Fkv-Fkv hn-ZymÀ-Yn-\n-).- ktlm-Zc§Ä: N´p,- N{µ³,- iin,- {]Im-i³,- _m-_p,- {]ao-f,- {]kó,- {]ko-X.-

sN-dn-b- \m-cm-b-W-³ ]-t¿m-fn-:- Xn-t¡m-Sn- A-c-h-¯v- sN-dn-b- \m-cm-b-W-³ (58)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- k-ô-b-\w- sh-Ån-bm-gv-N.- `m-cy-:- ]-ßn-\n.- a-¡Ä-:- kp-[o-jv,- {]-ao-f,- kp-`-P.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- jo-_,- A-cq-]v-Ip-amÀ- (ap-S-¸n-em-bn-)- kp-\nð- (_w-K-fq-cv-).- k-tlm-Z-c-§Ä-:- Ip-«q-en,- ]-tc-X-cm-b- I-®-³,- am-Wn-¡w,- \m-cm-b-Wn,- Nn-cp-X.-

Jm-en-Zv- \-cn-¡p-\n-:- tN-f-óqÀ- 9/-5 sIm-b-¼p-d-¯v- Jm-en-Zv- (58)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- `m-cy-:- ssk-\-_.- a-¡Ä-:- knw-e-¯v,- an-³jn-\.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- ap-Po-_v-d-lv-am-³ (]m-h-ïqÀ-)- ap-l-½-Z-en- (Du-c-ÅqÀ-).- k-tlm-Z-c-§Ä-:- D-Ê-bn-³,- A-l-½-Zv-Ip-«n,- B-bn-j,- ^m-¯n-a,- J-Zo-P,- B-an-\.-

A-tim-I-³ sIm-bn-em-ïn-:- ]-Sn-ªm-sd- Ip-tóm-¯v-ao-¯ð- A-tim-I-³ (50)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- A-½-:- Xn-cp-am-e-¡p-«n.- `m-cy-:- cm-[.- a-¡Ä-:- A-\q-]v,- A-\n-e,- A-Pn-jv.- a-cp-aI³--:- kp`m-jv.-

Im-dn-Sn-¨v- tem-dn- ¢o-\À- a-cn-¨p- sIm-bn-em-ïn-:- tZ-io-b-]m-X-bnð- sIm-bn-em-ïn- s]m-eo-kv-kv-tä-j-\v- k-ao-]w- _p-[-\m-gv-N- ]p-eÀ-s¨- c-ï-c-tbm-sS- Im-dn-Sn-¨v- tem-dn- ¢o-\À- a-cn-¨p.- tem-dn-bnð-\n-óv- ]p-ñv- C-d-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bn-ð-- \n-b-{´-Ww-hn-«p--h-ó- am-cp-Xn- Hm-av-\n- hm-\n-Sn-¨m-bn-cp-óp- A-]-I-Sw.- cm-a-\m-«p-I-c- ]p-ñpw-Ip-ó-¯v- X-S-¯nð-sXm-Sn- ap-kv-X-^- (43)- B-Wv- a-cn-¨-Xv.- ]-tc-X-\m-b- A-l-½-Zv-Ip-«n-bp-sS-bpw- _o-^m-¯n-a-bp-sS-bpw- a-I-\m-Wv.- `m-cy-:- \-^o-k.- a-¡Ä-:- I-_oÀ,- ap-l-½-Zv-jm-^n,- ku-Z.-

sIm-dp-¼-³ sIm-bn-em-ïn-:- aq-Sm-Sn- lnð-_-km-dn-se- h-S-s¡-X-S-¯nð- sIm-dp-¼-³ (82)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- a-I-³:- hn-P-b-³ (^n-j-do-kv- k-_v-C-³kv-s]-ÎÀ,- sIm-bn-em-ïn-).-

Ip-ªn-A-½- ]q-\-¯v-:- a-®mw-s]m-bnð- ]-tc-X-\m-b- tI-tfm-¯v- Ip-ªp-®n-¡n-Sm-hn-sâ- `m-cy- s\-Sp-h-³Nm-enð- Ip-ªn-A-½- (I-eym-Wn- þ- 65)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- a-IÄ-:- kp-[.- a-cp-a-I-³:- hn-t\m-Z-³ (tlm-fn-^m-an-en- bp-]n- kv-IqÄ,- N-§-tcm-¯v-).- k-tlm-Z-c-§Ä-:- cm-[-A-½,- Pm-\p-A-½.-- k-ô-b-\w- i-\n-bm-gv-N.-

am-[-hn- No-¡n-tem-Sv-:- ap-óqÀ-ssI-bnð- h-b-enð-Ip-\n-bnð- am-[-hn- (75)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- a-IÄ-:- cm-[.- a-cp-a-I-³:- _m-e-³ (]q-ap-Ån-).-

am-Wn-Iyw- tNfóqÀ-: I®¦cbn-se ]tcX\m-b adn-bnð- tIfp-hn-sâ `m-cy- am-Wn-Iyw- (-96)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N cm-hn-se F«n-\v- ho-«p-hf¸nð.- a¡Ä-: km-an-¡p-«n,- kp-[m-Ic³,- tam-l\³,- N{µnI,- kckp,- ]p-jv-].- acp-a¡Ä-: eo-e,- ssjeP,- {]kó,- cm-Lh³,- Kw-Km-[c³,- ]tcX\m-b A¸p-¡p-«n.-

s]®p-«n- ]´o-cm-¦m-hv-: s]m-bv-Xf¯v- ta¯ð- s]®p-«n- (81)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- `À-¯m-hv-: ]tcX\m-b Ip-ª³.- a¡Ä-: ]n- Fw- in-hZm-k³,- tZhn,- hn-im-e.- acp-a¡Ä-: _m-eIr-jv-W³,- cm-P³- (dn-«.- sIFkv-C_n-),- tim-`\.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N cm-hn-se 10\v- ho-«p-hf¸nð.-

shų- shÅn-bqÀ-: ]p-en-t¡m-«p-ao-¯ð- shų- (85)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- `m-cy-: ]dm-bn.- a¡Ä: Ieym-Wn,- tZhn,- N{µ³- shÅn-bqÀ- (X_en-kv-äv).- acp-a¡Ä-: tKm-]m-e³- (\cbw-Ip-fw),- _m-eIr-jv-W³- (]m-dm-«p-]m-d),- {]ao-f.-

sIFkv-BÀ-Sn-kn- _kn-Sn-¨v- acn-¨p- t]cm-{¼: ISbnð- km-[\w- hm-§m-s\¯n-b BÄ- sIFkv-BÀ-Sn-kn- _kn-Sn-¨v- acn-¨p.- ap-Xp-h®m-¨bn-se Xm-sg s\ñn-tbm-Sv- Ip-ªn-¡®³- (65)- BWv- acn-¨Xv.- _p-[\m-gv-N cm-hn-se Ft«Im-en-\v- kw-Øm-\ ]m-Xbnð- ISn-b§m-Sv- ]m-ew- kv-täm-¸n-\Sp-¯m-Wv- A]ISw.- sXm-«nð-¸m-e¯p-\n-ópw- FdWm-Ip-ft¯¡v- t]m-hp-Ibm-bn-cp-ó ^m-kv-äv- ]m-kôÀ- _Ên-Sn-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-óp.- Xe¡v- Kp-cp-Xcam-bn- ]cn-t¡ä Ip-ªn-¡®³- t]cm-{¼ Kh--sa³-dm-ip-]{Xn-bn-se¯n- Að-¸kab¯n-\Iw- acn-¨p.- t]cm-{¼ s]m-eo-kv- C³-Iz-kv-äv- \S¯n.- t]m-kv-äp-tamÀ-S¯n-\p-tijw- sshIn-«v- ho-«p-hf¸nð- kw-kv-Icn-¨p.- `m-cy-: ]tcXbm-b tZhn.- a¡Ä-: cm-Po-h³,- ]p-jv-].- acp-a¡Ä-: __n-X (]Ån-b¯v),- N{µ³- (acp-tXm-¦c).- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: Nm-¯³,- IWm-c³,- Nn-cp-X.-

akv-Iänð- acn-¨ bp-hm-hn-sâ ar-XtZlw- \m-«n-se¯n-¨p- t]cm-{¼: akv-Iänð- \n-cym-X\m-b I¡mSp-½ð- hn-t\m-Zsâ - ar-XtZlw- _p-[\mgv-N \m-«n-se¯n-¨tijw- cm-{Xn-bnð- ho-«p-hf¸nð- kw-kv-Icn-¨p.- H-am-\n-se dq--hn-bnð- ssSð-kv- ]Xn-¡p-ó tPm-en-sN¿p-ó hn-t\m-Z³ Ign-ª shÅn-bm-gv-N cm-{Xn- lr-Zbkv-Xw-`\w-aq-ew- Xm-akØe¯m-Wv- \n-cym-X\m-bXv.- aq-óv- hÀ-jam-bn- akv-Iänð- tPm-en-sN¿p-óp.- eo-hn-\v- \m-«n-se¯n-btijw- Ign-ª sabv- am-k¯n-em-Wv- Xn-cn-¨p-t]m-bXv.- Aѳ-: ]tcX\m-b IWm-c³.- A½: Pm-\p.- `m-cy-: jo-_.- a¡Ä-: hn-kv-ab,- \µ\.- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: kt´m-jv,- _n-µp.-

_m-e³-\m-bÀ- _m-ep-ticn-: ]p-¯qÀ-h«w In-Wdp-ÅXnð- sI kn- _m-e³-\m-bÀ- (75)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- `m-cy-: Ieym-Wn-b½ (cm-[).- a¡Ä-: hÕe,- ca,- eX.- acp-a¡Ä-: N{µ³- ]p-¯qÀ-h«w,- hn-iz-\m-Y³- (dn-«.- -anen-«dn-),- a®mw-s]m-bnð- _m-eN{µ³- (aq-cn-¡c).-

D¸m-¯p- ]t¿m-fn-: Ccn-§ð-þtIm-«¡ð- {_o-kv- lu-knð- ]tcX\m-b kn- ]n- a½p-lm-Pn-bp-sS `m-cy- sN¼âhn-S D¸m-¯p- (65)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- J_dS¡w- hym-gm-gv-N cm-hn-se 10\v- tIm-«¡ð- Pp-am-akv-Pn-Zv- J_À-Øm-\nð.- a¡Ä-: _joÀ,- kn-dm-Pv,- ap-\oÀ,- ss^kð- (\m-ep-t]cpw- J¯À),- A³-hÀ,- ]tcX\m-b K^qÀ.- acp-a¡Ä-: Bbn-j,- kdo-\,- kp-\o-d,- ku-Z,- ^m-¯n-a.-

cm-Pam-Wn-Iyw- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv-: Ien-¡äv- ssSw-kv- ap³- Po-h\¡m-c\m-b Cu-kv-äv-lnð- Nm-s¼m-bnð- cm-Pam-Wn-Iyw- (62)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N cm-hn-se ]¯n-\v- shkv-äv-lnð- skan-t¯cn-bnð.- `m-cy-: Fð-kn.- a¡Ä- sd\o-jv- (A_p-Zm-_n),- sdPo-jv- (ku-Zn),- tcjv-a (skâv- tacn-kv- kv-IqÄ,- tNhc¼ew).- acp-aI³-: Acp- (_n-j]v-kv- lu-kv,- I®qÀ).-

bp-hXn- sdbnð-sh ¹m-äv-t^m-anð- acn-¨ \n-ebnð- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv-: bp-hXn-sb sdbnðsh- ¹m-äv-t^m-anð- acn-¨\n-ebn-ð- Isï¯n.- Bbn-j (35)-sbbm-Wv- _p-[\m-gv-N cm-hn-se tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv- sdbnð-shkv-täj\n-se \m-emw- ¹m-äv-t^m-anð- acn-¨\n-ebnð- Isï¯n-bXv.- Im-kÀ-t¡m-Sv- kz-tZin-\n-bm-sWóv- ]dbs¸Sp-óp.- Ign-ª Ip-d¨v- hÀ-j§fm-bn- \Kc¯n-epw- ]cn-kc{]tZi§fn-epw- ]gb km-[\§Ä- s]dp-¡n-hn-äv- Po-hn-¨p-hcn-Ibm-bn-cp-óp.- ar-XtZlw- saUn-¡ð- tIm-tfPv- tamÀ-¨dn-bnð.-

A½p-A½ hfbw-: ta¸nð-At¨cn- ]tcX\m-b tIf¸¡p-dp-¸n-sâ `m-cy- A½p-A½ (75)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- a¡Ä-: i¦c³,- Ir-jv-W³,- A\nð-Ip-amÀ,- Pm-\In- (At´y-cn).- acp-¡Ä-: tim-`,- ]¦Pw- (]m-\qÀ),- do-\ (Icn-bm-Sv),- i¦c³-Ip-«n- (At´y-cn).-

hm-fm-ôn- It¡m-Sn-: ]Sn-ªm-äpap-dn-bn-se am-S¯nð-ao-¯ð- hm-fm-ôn- (73)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N ]Ið- 12\v- ho-«p-hf¸nð.- `m-cy-: Pm-\p.- a¡Ä-: cm-P³,- \m-cm-bWn-,- ]p-jv-],- cm-[.-

tPm-k-^v- I-eqÀ-:- tZ-im-`n-am-\n- tdm-Unð- tIm-´p-cp-¯n- tPm-k-^v- (93)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- sh-Ån-bm-gv-N- ]-Ið- aq-ón-\v- sk-âv- ta-co-kv- _-kn-en-¡- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- A-ó-½- A-{´-t¸À.- a-¡Ä-:- sI- sP- tPm-,- tPm-k-^v- tXm-a-kv,- tPm-k-^v- tPm-_v- (C-cp-h-cpw- Ip-ssh-¯v-),- tdm-kn- tPmÀ-Pv- B-ep-¡.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- B-eo-kv,- en-ñn,- _n-\p,- ]-tc-X-\m-b- tPmÀ-Pv- B-ep-¡.-

tPmÀ-Pv- Xn-cp-hm-¦p-fw-: A¼m-Sn-ae CS¸m-«v- tPmÀ-Pv- (78)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N sshIn-«v- Aôn-\v- Icn-§m-¨n-d skâv- tPmÀ-Pv- I¯o-{Uð- skan-t¯cn-bnð.- `m-cy-: tIm-Xaw-Kew- amdm-tNcnð- cq-¯v.- a¡Ä: kv-säñ,- kv-äm³en,- kv-äm-Pn- (Kp-Pdm-¯v).- acp-a¡Ä-: kp-tcjv-Ip-amÀ,- sUbv-kn,- _o-\.-

hÀ-Ko-kv- ]n-dhw-: tdj³-hym-]m-cn- Nm-e¸p-d¯v- (Im-ªn-c¯dbnð-)- sI kn- hÀ-Ko-kv- (70)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N sshIn-«v- \m-en-\v- skâv- taco-kv- HmÀ-¯tUm-Iv-kv- ]Ån- skan-t¯cn-bnð.- `m-cy-: A½n-Wn- ]q-gn-Ip-tóð- Ip-Spw-_mw-Kw.- a¡Ä-: PeI³- (Btcm-Ky-hIp-¸v,- Ad¡p-fw)-,- sPóo-kv-.- acp-a¡Ä-: ssj\n,- aRv-Pp.-

a-¯m-bn- ss]-en- Hm-S-bv-¡m-en-:- X-e-¸p-ô- Ip-co--¡-³]m-d- a-¯m-bn- ss]-en- (85)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N- ]-Ið- 11\v- Hm-S-bv-¡m-en- sk-âv- ta-co-kv- bm-t¡m-_m-b- ]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- a-dn-bm-½.- a-¡Ä-:- a-¯m-bn,- a-dn-b-¡p-«n,- cm-Pp,- dm-tlð-,- _n-t\m-bn.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- A-ó-½,- ]-t{Xm-kv,- kq-kn,- tPmÀ-Pv,- tam-fn.-

in-hm-\-µ-³ ]-d-hqÀ-:- ssI-Xm-cw- ]m-d-¡m«v- in-hm-\-µ-³ (74)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- \-S-¯n.- `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- eo-e.- a-¡Ä-:- jm-Pn- (tIm-«p-h-Ån- ]-ôm-b-¯v- Aw-Kw-),- k-Po-hv- (]-d-hqÀ- Xm-eq-¡v- sN-¯p-sXm-gn-em-fn- bq-Wn-b-³ Iu--knð- Aw-Kw-),- kp-\n-X,- Im-Yn-I-³ ssI-Xm-cw- hn-t\m-Zv-Ip-amÀ- (s_-ón-).- a-cp-a-¡-Ä-:- Pn-j,- k-Po-h-³,- e-£v-an.-

G-en-bm-½- B-ep-h-:- ]-tc-X-\m-b- sI- H- t]m-fn-sâ- `m-cy- G-en-bm-½- (79)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N- ]-Ið- aq-ón-\v- B-ep-h- sk-âv- sUm-an-\n-Iv- ]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- a-¡Ä-:- ta-cn,- kv-äo-^-³,- tPm-k-^v,- sP-kn,- ]-tc-X-bm-b- en-än,- km-Pp,- tSm-an,- A-\n-e.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- ]-tc-X-\m-b- t]mÄ,- sUm-an-\n-Iv,- B-\n- kv-äo-^-³,- kn- sP- t]m-fn,- {]o-an- tSm-an,- Sn- F- ]o-äÀ.-

am-\p-hð- a«m-tôcn--: km-t´mw P-Mv-j-³ ]p-fn-´-d- ]n- BÀ- am-\p-hð- (87)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- \-S-¯n.- `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- t{X-ky.- a-¡Ä-:- tk-hyÀ,- A-K-kv-än-³,- dm-t^ð,- B-â-Wn,- ¢o-ä-kv,- Að-t^m--k.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- Fð-kn- sP-\-äv,- sa-änð-U,- tk-hyÀ,- ta-gv-kn,- sP-kn.-

Nn-ó½ s]cp-¼m-hq-À-: a-cp-Xp-I-h-e- tam-g-bm-«v- ]-tc-X-\m-b- Fw- tXm-a-kn-sâ- `m-cy- Nn-ó-½- (80)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- sh-Ån-bm-gv-N- cm-hn-se- 10\v- sF-]n-kn- t]m-ªm-ti-cn- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- a-¡Ä-:- tPm-bn,- cm-P-³,- X-¼n- (F-ñm-h-cpw- bp-F-kv-F-),- im-´-½- (A-_p-Zm-_n-),- eo-em-½.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- km-en,- kq-k-½,- kq-k-³ (F-ñm-h-cpw- bp-F-kv-F-),- ]m-kv-äÀ- sI- sP- tPmÀ-Pv- (A-_p-Zm-_n-),- ]-tc-X-\m-b- A-¨-³Ip--ªv.-

Aów- ]m¸p- hm-g¡p-fw-: aWhm-f³- ho-«nð- ]m-¸p-hn-sâ `m-cy- Aów- (73)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hm-g¡p-fw- skâv- tPmÀ-Pv- s^m-tdm-\ ]Ån- skan-t¯cn-bnð.- am-¦m-bn- Ip-Sp-w-_mw-Kam-Wv.- a¡Ä-: B\o-kv,- tUhn-Uv,- tacn,- en-kn,- hÀ-Ko-kv,- ssj\n.- acp-a¡Ä-: a¯m-bn,- em-en,- tPm-kv,- k®n,- en-ñn,- tPm-kv.-

G-en-bm-½- ]n-d-hw-:- ]-«-Ip-tóð- ]-tcX-\m-b- hÀ-¡n-bp-sS- `m-cy- G-en-bm-½- (80)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im--cw- hym-gm-gv-N- cm-hn-se- 10\v- ]n-dhw- h-en-b-]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- tXm-«-d- sh-Åm-a-X-bnð- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-am-Wv.- a-¡Ä-:- F-{_-lmw,- ta-cn,- km-dm-½.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- ta-cn,- t_-_n,- ]-tc-X-\m-b- Nm-t¡m.

a-dn-b-¡p-«n- tNÀ-¯-e-:- sIm-t¡m-X-aw-K-ew- sIm-tñ-enð- I-S-¼-¦-cn-bnð- ]-tc-X-\m-b- Hu-tk-^n-sâ- `m-cy- a-dn-b-¡p-«n- (79)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N- sshIn-«v- \m-en-\v- tIm-¡-aw-K-ew- sk-âv- tXm-a-kv- ]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- a-¡Ä-:- Nn-ó-½,- a-dn-bm-½,- Nm-t¡m.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- tPmÀ-Pv,- tPmÀ-Pv,- t{X-kym-½.-

B-K-kv-Xn- tXm-a-kv- a-ª-{]-:- h-S-¡p-tô-cn- B-K-kv-Xn- tXm-a-kv- (hn- F- tXm-a-kv-þ-88)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw hym-gm-gv-N- ssh-In-«v- \m-en-\v- a-ª-{]- amÀ- Éo-hm- s^m-tdm-\-]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- A-ó-¡p-«n.- a-¡Ä-:- sU-bv-kn,- ]p-óq-kv,- kn-kv-äÀ- sa-em-\n,- {^m-³kn-kv- (_-lv-ssd-³),- sP-ko-´,- ao-\,- tPm-bn- (_-lv-ssd-³),- sk-en-³,- sN-dn-bm-³,- cm-Pp- (Ip-ssh-¯v-),- sk-_n- (a-kv-I-äv-).- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- tPmÀ-Pv- Xm-Sn-¡m-c-³,- sse-e- (_-lv-ssd-³),,- en-k- (_-lv-ssd-³),- tUm.- tXm-a-kv,- B-tâm,- B-\n- (_-lv-ssd-³),- do-\,- a-Rv-Pp,- _n-µp- (a-kv-I-äv-).-

G-en-bm-½- ]n-d-hw-:- ]-«-Ip-tóð- ]-tcX-\m-b- hÀ-¡n-bp-sS- `m-cy- G-en-bm-½- (80)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im--cw- hym-gm-gv-N- cm-hn-se- 10\v- ]n-dhw- h-en-b-]-Ån- sk-an-t¯-cn-bnð.- tXm-«-d- sh-Åm-a-X-bnð- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-am-Wv.- a-¡Ä-:- F-{_-lmw,- ta-cn,- km-dm-½.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- ta-cn,- t_-_n,- ]-tc-X-\m-b- Nm-t¡m.

hm-kp- ]Ån-¡c: s]cn-§m-e NXbv-¡m-¯v-aq-ebnð- i¦p-®n-bp-sS aI³- hm-kp (58)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- \S¯n-. `m-cy-:- ]-tc-X-bm-b- tZ-h-In.- a-¡Ä-:- j--ap-J-³,- kp-tc-jv,- kp-\n,- an-\n,- _n-µp.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- _n-µp,- cm-Pp,- ssj-Pp.-

AKkv-än³- Bep-h: Du-«n- »q- an-Unð- kv-IqÄ- dn-«tbUv- am-t\PÀ- hcm-¸p-g ]p-¯³-]Ån- ]ªn-¡m-c³- AKkv-än³- (84)- \n-cym-X\m-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- \S¯n.- ktlm-Zc§Ä-: ]tcX\m-b sIm-¨phdo-Xv,- tacn- tPmÀ-Pv,- tPm-kv,- Ip-ªv.-

X¦½ ap-f´p-cp-¯n-: Ip-dn-ªn¡m-«v- ]tcX\m-b am-Xyp-hn-sâ `m-cy- X¦½ (84)- \n-cym-Xbm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- hym-gm-gv-N sshIn-«v- \m-en-\v- sX¡³-]dhqÀ- amÀ- bq-lm-t\m³- auw-Zm-\ hen-b]Ån- skan-t¯cn-bnð.- a¡Ä-: Ip-cy³- (jmÀ-P),- tP¡_v- (akv-Iäv),- tPmÀ-Pv (akv-Iäv), Hu-tK³.- acp-a¡Ä-: em-en,- kp-j,- km-en,- kv-an-X.-

ssZ-Xym-\-µ-³ ]p-ó-{]-:- ]p-ó-{]- sX-¡v- ]-ôm-b-¯v- ]-¯mw-hmÀ-Unð- am-än-ap-¡n-\v- k-ao-]w- I-ñq-¸m-d-bnð- ho-«nð- ssZ-Xym-\-µ-³ (75)- \n-cym-X-\m-bn.- `m-cy-:- A-cp-Ô-Xn.- a-¡Ä-:- kp-[m-I-c-³,- kp-tc-iz-cn,- j--ap-J-³,- tkm-a-cm-P-³,- D-®n-¡r-jv-W-³ (bp-sI-Un- Syq-j-³ sk-âÀ-),- A-Jn-em-\-µ-³.-

Iu-key- tIm-Xaw-Kew-: tIm-«-¸-Sn- B-b-¡m-Sv- ssX-¡m-hpw-]-Sn- I-f-¸p-c-bv-¡ð- ]-tc-X-\m-b- am-[-h-sâ- `m-cy- Iu-k-ey- (78)- \n-cym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kv-Im-cw- ]n-óo-Sv.- a-¡Ä-:- cm-L-h-³,- cm-Pp,- cm-a-N-{µ-³,- tam-l-\-³,- km-_p,- cm-tP-jv,- N-{µn-I,- cm-[m-a-Wn.- a-cp-a-¡Ä-:- D-j,- e-fn-X,- ssj-e-P,- jo-_,- Ko-X,- \n-_n.-