t\mÀ-sh IzmÀ-«dn-te¡v- {_koð,- - PÀ-a\n- Pbn-¨p-
_o-Pn-Mv-: Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b cïmw- Pbt¯m-sS t\mÀ-sh Hfn-¼n-Iv- h\n-Xm- ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-ð- IzmÀ-«dn-te¡v.- {Kq-¸v- Pn-bnse BZy- Ifn-bnð- \n-ehn-ep-Å Nm-¼y³-am-cm-b Atacn-¡sb XIÀ-¯ t\mÀ-sh cïmw-Ifn-bnð- \yq-kn-e³-Un-s\ Hcp- tKm-fn-\v- adn-ISóp.- F«mw- an-\n-änð- saen-k hn-Iv- BWv- tKmÄ- t\Sn-bXv.- t\mÀ-sh Xm-c¯n-sâ SqÀ-Wsaân-se cïmw- tKm-fm-Wn-Xv.- CtX {Kq-¸nð- Atacn-¡ P¸m-s\ Hcp- tKm-fn-\v- tXmð-¸n-¨v- IzmÀ-«À- km-[y-X \n-e\nÀ-¯n.- 27-þmw- an-\n-änð- ImÀ-en- tem-bv-Um-Wv- e£yw- IïXv.-

ss\Po-cn-bsb FXn-cn-ñm-¯ Hcp- tKm-fn-\v- XIÀ-¯v- tem-I Nm-¼y-³-am-cm-b PÀ-a\n- F^v- {Kq-¸nð- km-[y-X \n-e\nÀ-¯n.- - Icp-¯cm-b {_ko-en-t\m-Sv- tKmÄ-cln-X ka\n-e hg§n-b PÀ-a\n- i\n-bm-gv-N In-gvkv-ä³- kv-än-Kv-aIsâ tKm-fn-\m-Wv- c£s¸«Xv.- {_ko-epw- cïmw- að-kc¯nð- Pbw- Iïp.- Hón-s\Xn-sc cïp- tKm-fp-IÄ-¡v- AhÀ- D¯csIm-dn-bsb tXmð-¸n-¨p.- kq-¸À-Xm-cw- amÀ-¯bm-Wv- tem-II¸v- d®d¸p-IÄ-¡v- Pbw- k½m-\n-¨Xv.- 14þmw- an-\n-änð- Um-\n-tbe {_ko--en-s\ ap-ón-se¯n-¨p.- ]¯p-an-\n-än-\p-tijw- amÀ-¯ cïmw-tKmÄ- t\Sn.- ]cm-Pn-Xcp-sS Bizm-ktKmÄ- A´y-L«¯nð- dn- Ip-a kq-¡n-sâ hIbm-bn-cp-óp.-

{Kq-¸v- Cbnð- Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b cïmw- tXmð-hn-tbm-sS AÀ-Pâo-\bp-sS {]Xo-£ s]m-en-ªp.- kzo-Ut\m-Sm-Wv- AhÀ- Hcp- tKm-fn-\v- tXm-äXvv.- BZy- Ifn-bnð- AÀ-Pâo-\sb tXmð-¸n-¨ Im-\U BXn-tYbcm-b ssN\bp-am-bn- Hcp- tKm-fSn-¨v- ka\n-ebnð- ]n-cn-ªp.- DZv-Lm-S\að-kc¯nð- ssN\ 2þ1\v- kzo-Us\ tXmð-¸n-¨n-cp-óp.

 

hn-tcµdn-\pw- kbv-\¡pw- Pbw-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- H-fn-¼n-Iv-kv- t_m-Iv-kn-§nð- C-´y-¡v- P-b-hpw- tXmð-hn-bpw- C-S-I-eÀ-ó- H-ómw-Zn-\w.- 75 In-tem-{Kmw- hn-`m-K-¯nð- sa-Uð-{]-Xo-£-bm-b- hn-tc-µÀ-kn-Mv- B-Zy-du-ïnð- A-\m-bm-k-hn-P-bw- t\-Sn-b-t¸mÄ- 81 In-tem-{Kmw- hn-`m-K-¯nð- Zn-t\-iv-Ip-amÀ- tXmð-hn- cp-Nn-¨p.- _m-Uv-an-â-¬- h-\n-Xm- knw-KnÄ-knð- k-bv-\- s\-lv-hmÄ- c-ïmw-du-ïn-te-¡p- ap-tó-dn.-

tIm-a-¬-shð-¯v- sK-bnw-kv- sh-Ån-sa-Uð- tP-Xm-hm-b- hn-tP-µÀ- 13þ-2\v- Kmw-_n-b-bp-sS- Pm-¡v- _m-Zu-hn-s\- Io-g-S-¡n.- 81 In-tem-{Kmw- hn-`m-K-¯nð- F-Xn-cm-fn-bm-b- AÄ-Po-cn-b-bp-sS- A-_v-sZð-lm-^n-Zn-sâ- ap-ónð- Zn-t\-iv-Ip-am-dn-\v- ]n-Sn-¨p-\nð-¡m-³t]m-epw- (23þ-3)- I-gn-bm-sX-h-ó-t¸mÄ- aq-ómw-du-ïnð- 15 sk-¡-³Uv- ti-jn-t¡- d-^-dn- a-Õ-cw- A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp.-

_m-Uv-an-â-Wnð- 15þmw- dm-¦p-Im-cn- k-bv-\-bv-¡v- B-Zy-a-Õ-cw- A-\m-bm-k-am-bn-cp-óp.- d-jy-³Xm-cw- F-ñ- I-cm-Nv-tIm-h-sb- t\-cn-«p-Å- sk-änð- k-bv-\- Io-g-S-¡n- (21þ-9,-21þ-8).-

Pq-tUm-bnð- C-´y-bp-sS- Jp-ap-Pw- tXmw-_n-tZ-hn- t]mÀ-¨p-K-en-sâ- A-ó- tlmÀ-an-tKm-tbm-Sp- tXm-äv- ]p-d-¯m-bn.-

 

ssN-\-bpw- Iyq-_-bpw- P-bn-¨p-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- h-\n-Xm- thm-fn-t_mÄ- Nm-¼y-òm-cm-b- ssN-\- B-Zy- a-Õ-c-¯nð- G-I-]-£o-b-am-b- sk-äp-IÄ-¡v- sh-\-tkz-e-sb- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n- (25þ-13,- 25þ-13,- 25þ-18).- _Ä-tK-dn-b-bm-Wv- ssN-\-bp-sS- A-Sp-¯- F-Xn-cm-fn.-

a-säm-cp- a-Õ-c-¯nð- Iyq-_- t]m-f-ïn-s\- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n.- H-cp- sk-äv- \-ã-am-¡n-bm-Wv- Iyq-_-³ h-\n-X-IÄ- a-Õ-c-¯n-te-¡v-- Xn-cn-¨p-h-ó-Xv (21þ-25,- 25þ-17,- 25þ-20,- 25þ-17).- A-\m-bm-k-hn-P-bw- {]-Xo-£n-¨p-- h-ó- Iyq-_-sb- D-b-c-¡q-Sp-X-ep-Å- t]m-fn-jp-Im-cn-IÄ- Xp-S-¡-¯nð- sR-«n-¨p.-

c-ïmw-sk-änð- bp-anð-I- dq-bn-kpw- Imð-sU-tdm-Wpw- t]m-fn-jv- t»m-¡p-IÄ- t`-Zn-¨v- s]m-Åp-ó- A-Sn-IÄ- sXm-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ- t]m-f-ïv- ]-X-dn.-

a-äp- a-Õ-c-§-fnð- {_-koð- AÄ-Po-cn-b-sb-bpw- (25þ-11,- 25þ-11,- 25þ-10)- skÀ-_n-b- I-km-Jn--Øm-s\-bpw- (25þ-21,- 25þ-17,- 23þ-25,- 25þ-21)- tXmð-¸n-¨p.-

 

s^ð-]v-kv- \o-än-en-d§n-
_o-Pn-Mv-: F«p- kzÀ-Wsaó tam-l\kz-]v-\¯n-te¡v- Atacn-¡³- \o-´ð-¯m-cw- ssat¡ð- s^ð-]v-kn-\v- an-I¨ Xp-S¡w.- 400 ao-äÀ- hyàn-KX saUv-sebnð- sKbnw-kv- sdt¡m-tUm-sS s^ð-]v-kv- -ss^\en-te¡v-- tbm-Ky-X t\Sn.- 100 ao-äÀ- s{_kv-äv- kv-t{Sm-¡nð- t\mÀ-thbp-sS AeIv-km-ïÀ- sUbvð- Hm-h\pw- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-se ]p-Xn-b kabw- Ip-dn-¨p.- AtXkabw,- Cu- C\¯nð- an-I¨ {]IS\w- \S¯n-b C´y³-Xm-cw- kµo-]v- tkPv-hm-fn-\v- 0.-39 sk¡³-Un-sâ hy-Xym-k¯nð- skan-ss^\ð- tbm-Ky-X \jv-Sam-bn.-

400 ao-äÀ- saUv-sebnð- \m-ephÀ-jw-ap-¼v- GY³-knð- Øm-]n-¨ kz-´w- sdt¡m-Um-Wv- s^ð-]v-kv- Xn-cp-¯n-bXv.- \m-ep- an-\n-äv- 7.-82 sk¡³-Uv.- bp-Fkn-sâ dym³- tem-¨äv,- lw-Kdn-bp-sS sKÀ-tKm- In-kv,- Cäen-bp-sS Asekn-tbm- t_m-Kn-bm-täm,- I-\Ubp-sS {_b³- tPm¬-kv,- {_ko-en-sâ Sn-bm-tbm- s]tcc Fón-hcm-Wv- Cu- C\¯nð- ss^\enð- ISón-«p-Å aäp-ÅhÀ.-

100 ao-äÀ- s{_kv-äv-kv-t{Sm-¡v- lo-äv-knð- 59.- 41 sk¡³-Unð- ^n-\n-jv-sNbv-X AeIv-km-ïÀ- sUbvð- s{_³-U³- lm³-ksâ t]cn-ep-Å sdt¡m-Um-Wv- XIÀ-¯Xv.- Hcp- an-\n-äv- 0.-01 sk¡³-Um-bn-cp-óp- ap³- sdt¡m-Uv.-

Cu- C\¯n-se aq-ómw- lo-äv-knð- C´y³-Xm-cw- kµo-]v- tkPv-hmÄ- {]Xo-£n-¨Xn-\¸p-dap-Å {]IS\w- Im-gv-Nhs¨¦n-epw- skan-ss^\en-te¡p-Å tbm-Ky-X t\cn-b hy-Xym-k¯nð- \jv-Sam-bn.- kz-´w-t]cn-ep-Å C´y³- sdt¡m-Un-s\ am-bv-¡p-ó {]IS\w- Im-gv-Nh¨m-Wv- kµo-]v- Io-gS§n-bXv- (Hcp- an-\n-äv- 2.-19 sk¡³-Uv).- 1:01.-80ð- Hóm-aXm-bn- ^n-\n-jv-sNbv-X ]yqÀ-t«m-dn-¡bp-sS Um-\n-bð- hm-sekm-Wv- kµo-]n-s\ ]n-´Ån- skan-bn-se¯n-bXv.-

 

agbpw-- XSªv- "am-Pn-Iv-- _o-Pn-Mv'-
_o-Pn-Mv-: ""Ctóm-fw- Rm³- Iïn-«p-ÅXnð- Gähpw- at\m-lcw'-'-þ _o-Pn-Mv- \m-jWð- kv-täUn-b¯n-en-cp-óv- Iatâädpw- Atacn-¡bp-sS ap³- AXv-eo-äp-am-b ssat¡ð- tPm¬-k¬- ]dª hm-¡pIÄ-Xsóbm-bn-cp-óp- Im-Wn-IÄ- Fñm-hcp-sSbpw- Np-ïp-Ifnð.- A¿m-bn-ct¯m-fw- hÀ-js¯ Xn-f§p-ó kw-kv-Im-chpw-- km-t¦Xn-Iap-tóä¯n-sâ ]p-¯³- Du-À-Phpw- tImÀ-¯n-W¡n-b am-b¡m-gv-NIfmð- _o-Pn-Mv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-sâ DZv-Lm-S\¨S§v- ssN\ \n-Xy-hn-kv-abam-¡n.-

AZr-iy-am-b NcSnð- Xq-§n- en- \n-Mv- ap-óp-tdm-fw-ASn- Dbc¯n-te¡p-- ]d¡p-t¼mÄ- "In-fn-¡q-Sv'- Fóv- hn-Jym-Xam-b _o-Pn-§n-se \m-jWð-- kv-täUn-b¯nð-\n-óv- Hcp- In-fn- ]dóp-bcp-Ibm-sWtó tXm-ón-bp-Åp.- ]n-só kv-täUn-b¯n-sâ a«p-¸m-hn-eq-sS Hcp-XhW hew-h¨v- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv- Zo-]¯nð- \n-Mv- Xn-cn-sXfn-¨t¸mÄ- tem-Iw- ssN\sb hW§n-\n-óp.- \mep- aWn-¡q-dpw- 10 an-\n-äpw- \o-ï NS§v- 21þmw- \q-äm-ïn-sâ tXcpsXfn-¡p-I X§fm-Ip-saó ssN\bp-sS {]Jym-]\wIq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-óp.-

2008se Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-s\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¨v- 2008 Iem-Im-còmÀ- ssN\bp-sS Gähpw- ]p-cm-X\am-b {U½nð- \m-Zhn-kv-abw- XoÀ-¯m-bn-cp-óp- NS§p-IÄ-¡p-- Xp-S¡w.- ]n-só,- Icn-acp-óp- Iïp-]n-Sn-¨ ssN\bp-sS s]cp-abp-sS {]Xo-Isatóm-Ww- BIm-i¯v- {]Im-i]p-jv-]§Ä- hn-cn-ªp.- 14000 Iem-Im-còmcp-sS {]IS\§Ä-¡pw- 205 cm-Py-§fp-sS Im-bn-IXm-c§Ä- AWn-\n-có amÀ-¨v-]m-kv-än-\pw- HSp-hn-em-Wv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv- Zo-]¯n-\v- Xn-cn-sXfn-¨Xv.- sem-km-ôe-kv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-knð- aq-óp- kzÀ-Ww- t\Sn-b en- \n-§n-s\ Zo-]in-J sXfn-¡m³- \n-tbm-Kn-¨Xn-eq-sS ssN\ \ð-Ip-ó ktµihpw- hy-àam-bn-cp-óp.-

agsbt¸m-epw- XSªp-\nÀ-¯n-bm-Wv- ssN\ _o-Pn-§nð- AÛp-Xs¨¸v- H-cp-¡n-bXv.- DZv-Lm-S\¨S§n-\v- ag `o-jWn-bm-Ip-saóv- t\cs¯ dn-t¸mÀ-«p-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- DZv-Lm-S\¨S§v- Xp-S§n- Hóc aWn-¡q-dn-\p-Ånð- I\¯ ags]¿p-saóv- Im-em-hØm-tI{µw- ap-ódn-bn-¸p-- \ð-In.- Fómð,- agtaL§sf Cñm-Xm-¡p-ó 1104 tdm-¡äp-IÄ- \Kc¯n-se 21 tI{µ§fnð-\n-óp-- hn-t£]n-¨m-Wv- ssN\ Cu- shñp-hn-fn- GsäSp-¯Xv.- _o-Pn-§n-sâ sX¡p-]Sn-ªm-dp-Å sls_bv- {]hn-iy-bn-se _m-thm-Zn-Mv- \Kc¯nð- - Cóse 100 an-ñn-ao-äÀ- ag s]bv-Xt¸mÄ- _o-Pn-§n-t\m-Sp-- tNÀ-óp-Å ^Mv-jm-\nð- 25 an-ñn-ao-äÀ- agbm-Wv- s]bv-XXv.-

DZv-Lm-S\¨S§n-se Hm-tcm- Im-gv-Nbpw- Hón-s\m-óp at\m-lcam-bn-cp-sóóm-Wv- Iatâädm-bn- F¯n-b {_n-«o-jv- Xp-g¨nð-Xm-cw- kv-äo-hv- sdUv-t{Khv- ]dªXv.- "Ign-ª cm-hnð- ssN\ tem-I¯n-sâ ap-ónð- DbÀ-óp-\n-óp-'- Fóm-Wv- Kh¬--saâv- sh_v-sskän-se hm-¡p-IÄ.- Bßhn-izm-khpw- \n-iv-NbZm-À-Vy-hpw-sIm-ïv- ssN\ Fñm-hscbpw- A¼c¸n-s¨ópw- sh_v-sskänð- ]dbp-óp.-

 

Dów-sXän-; Zp- en- hn-Xp-¼n-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- kp-hÀ-Wt\«t¯m-sS Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-s\ hcthð-¡m-saó ssN\bp-sS kz-]v-\w- -sNIv- dn-¸»n-¡n-sâ Im-Xdo-\ F½¬-kv- shSn-h¨p- XIÀ-¯p.-- 29þmw- Hfn-¼n-Iv-knð- saUð- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡s¸« BZy- C\am-b h\n-XIfp-sS 10 ao-äÀ- FbÀ- ssd^n-fnð- \n-ehn-ep-Å tP{Xn-bpw- BXn-tYbcp-sS {]Xo-£bp-am-b Zp- en-sb Aômw-Øm-\t¯¡p-- ]n-´Ån-bm-Wv- sNIv- Xm-cw- kzÀ-Ww- t\Sn-bXv.- tem-Isdt¡m-Un-\v- Xp-ey-X]m-en-¨ (503.-3)- {]IS\t¯m-sSbm-Wv- ChÀ- kzÀ-Ww- t\Sn-bXv.- CXv- Hfn-¼n-Iv- sdt¡m-Um-Wv.- bp-Fkv- jq-«À- am-äv- F½¬-kn-s\ Ign-ªhÀ--jw- hn-hm-lw-Ign-¨ Im-Xdo-\ GY³-kv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-knð- CtX C\¯nð- Im-Xdo-\ IpÀ-t¡m-h Fó t]cnð- sh¦ew- t\Sn-bn-cp-óp.- djy-bp-sS KmðIn-\ ep-t_m-hv- shÅn- \n-e\nÀ-¯n.- s{Im-tbjy-bp-sS kv-s\km-\ s]kp-Pn-¨n-\m-Wv- sh¦ew.-

\m-«p-Im-cp-sS ap-ónð- In-co-Sw- ASn-bdhbv-t¡ïn-hó en- I®o-tcm-sSbm-Wv- jq-«n-Mv-tdôv- hn-«Xv.- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-\p- ap-tóm-Sn-bm-bp-Å jq-«n-Mv- hmÀ-¯Ifnð- ap-gp-h³- en- ssN\bp-sS Dd¨ s_äm-sWóm-Wv- {]Ncn-¡s¸«Xv.-

en-bp-sS Im-cy-¯nð- Zp-x-Jap-sïóv- ]p-Xn-b sFHkn- {]kn-Uâv- jm-¡v- tdm-¤nð-\n-óv- saUepw- ]q-¡fpw- kzo-Icn-¨tijw- Im-Xdo-\ ]dªp.- \m-«p-Im-cp-sS ap-ónð- C¯csam-chØ BÀ-¡pw- kln-¡m-\m-In-ñ.- ssN\o-kv- am-[y-a§Ä- Xm-c§sf ISp-¯ k½À-Z¯n-em-¡p-óp.- en- AXn-sâ Ccbm-Wv.- ]cn-io-e\w-ap-Xð- eo- ISp-¯ k½À-Z¯em-bn-cp-óp.- Fón-«pw- AhÀ- \óm-bn- s]m-cp-Xn.- F\n-¡p-- e`n-¨ ]q-¡Ä- Rm³- ssN\o-kv- Xm-c¯n-\p-- kaÀ-¸n-¡p-óp.- Im-cWw- Ign-hn-sâ ]cam-h[n- {ian-¨m-Wv- AhÀ- Io-gS§n-bXv-þ Im-Xdo--\ ]dªp.-

GY³-knð- A´y-L«¯nð- {i²bnð-hó ]n-ghp-aq-ew- am-äv- F½¬-kn-\v- kzÀ-Ww- \jv-Sam-bn-cp-óp.- CXn-\p-tijam-Wv- Im-Xdo-\bpw- am-äpw- Iïp-ap-«n-bXpw- {]Wb¯n-em-bXpw- Ign-ªhÀ-jw- hn-hm-ln-Xcm-bXpw.-

Xsâ kp-hÀ-Wt\«¯n-\p-- Im-cWw- `À-¯m-hn-sâ- t{]mÕm-l\am-sWóv- Im-Xdo-\ ]dªp.- R§Ä- Hcp- Sow-t]sebm-Wv- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-óXv.- tem-I¯n-se Gähpw- an-I¨ So-apw- CXp- Xsóþ AhÀ- ]dªp.-

 


tXm-¡p-IÄ- tXmð-hn- Xp-S-cp-óp-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- C-´y-³ jq-«À-amÀ-¡v- H-fn-¼n-Iv- td-ônð- D-ów-sX-än.- A-Rv-P-en- `-Kv-h-Xpw- A-hv-\o-Xv-IuÀ- kn-±p-hpw- 10 ao-äÀ- F-bÀ-ssd-^n-fnð- tbm-Ky-X-t]m-epw- t\-Sm-sX- ]p-d-¯m-bn.-

47t]À- a-Õ-cn-¨- Cu- C-\-¯nð- A-Rv-P-en- 29Dw- A-hv-\o-XvIuÀ- 39Dw- Øm-\-¯m-Wv- F-¯n-b-Xv.- aq-óm-a-s¯- H-fn-¼n-Iv-kn-s\-¯p-ó- ap-¸s¯«p-Im-cn-bm-b- A-Rv-P-en-bp-sS- Xp-S-¡w- \-óm-bn-cp-óp.- 

100ð- 99 t]m-bn-âv- t\-Sn.- c-ïmw-du-ïn-epw- C-tX- kv-tImÀ- \n-e-\nÀ-¯n.- A-Sp-¯- c-ïp- du-ïp-I-fnð- {i-²- sX-än.- A-ôp-X-h-W- e-£yw-]n-g-¨p.- 97Dw- 98Dw- t]m-bn-âm-Wv- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- B-sI- 393.-

cm-Pym-´-c- a-Õ-c-§-fnð- tim-`n-¨v- sa-Uð-{]-Xo-£- h-fÀ-¯n-b- A-hv-\o-Xn-\v- 389 t]m-bn-âv--am-{X-am-Wv- t\-Sm-\m-b-Xv.- 98,- 100,- 96,- 95 F-óo- {I-a-¯n-em-bn-cp-óp- A-hv-\o-Xn-sâ- kv-tImÀ.-

Cu- C--\-¯nð- H-óm-a-sX-¯n-b- Im-X-do-\- F½-¬-³kv- (sN-Iv- dn-¸-»n-Iv)- 503.-5 t]m-bn-ân-sâ- H-fn-¼n-Iv- sd-t¡m-Uv- Øm-]n-¨p.- en-thm- t_m-Kmð-In-\- (d-jy)- 502.-1 t]m-bn-ânð- sh-Ån- t\-Sn.-

]p-cp-j-òm-cp-sS- {Sm-¸v- C-\-¯nð- aq-óp-du-ïv- I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ- am-\-hv-Pn-Xv- k-Ôp-hn-sâ-bpw- am-³tjÀ- kn-§n-sâ-bpw- \n-e- ]-cp-§-en-em-Wv.- 

am-\-hv-Pn-Xv- 75ð- 70 t]m-bn-âp-am-bn- 12þm-a-Xv.- am-³tjÀ- 69 t]m-bn-âp-am-bn- 21þm-a-Xv.- C-óv- \n-e- sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯m-\m-hp-sa-óm-Wv- C-cp-h-cp-sS-bpw- {]-Xo-£.-

 

 

]m-Mv- ho-bv-¡v- kzÀ-Ww- \n-Êm-cw-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- jq-«n-Mv- td-ônð- Zp- en-¡v- kzÀ-Ww- \-ã-s¸-«-t¸mÄ- ]m-Mv- ho- B-Xn-tY-b-cp-sS- B-th-i-am-bn.-

]p-cp-j-òm-cp-sS- 10 ao-äÀ- F-bÀ-]n-kv-ä-fnð- ]m-Mv- ho- A-\m-bm-kw- kzÀ-Ww- A-Wn-ªp.- Im-Wn-I-fp-sS- BÀ-¸p-hn-fn-bnð- G-Im-{K-X- \-ã-s¸-Sm-sX- kq-£n-¨- ]m-Mv- ho- 688.-2 t]m-bn-tâm-sS-bm-Wv- H-óm-a-sX-¯-b-Xv.- Z-£n-W-sIm-dn-b-bp-sS- Pn-³ tPm-Mv- Hm- sh-Ån-bpw- (684.-5)- h-S-¡-³ sIm-dn-b-bp-sS- Inw- tPm-Mv- kp- sh-¦-e-hpw- (683.-0)- t\-Sn.-

2006se- tem-I-Nm-¼y-\m-b ]m-§nð-\n-óv- ssN-\- kzÀ-Ww- {]-Xo-£n-¨n-cp-óp.- cm-Pyw- X-ónð- AÀ-¸n-¨- hn-izm-kw- ]-t£,- ]m-§n-s\- k-½À-Z-¯n-em-¡n-bn-ñ.- Hm-tcm- du-ïpw- kp-J-I-c-am-bn- I-S-óp.- X-sâ- kzÀ-Ww- ssN-\bv--¡v- \-ñ- Xp-S-¡w- \ð-Ip-sa-óv- ]m-Mv- {]-Xo-£n-¡p-óp.- jq-«n-Mv- Sow- Iq-Sp-Xð- kzÀ-Ww- hm-cp-sa-óm-Wv- ]m-Mv- eo- ]-d-bp-ó-Xv.- 2004ð- \m-ev- kzÀ-Ww- DÄ-s¸-sS- H-¼-Xv-- sa-U-ep-IÄ- ssN-\- t\-Sn-bn-cp-óp.- C-¯-h-W- 17 C-\-§Ä- 15 B-¡n-sb-¦n-epw- sa-Uð-sIm-bv-¯v- \n-e-\nÀ-¯m-\m-hp-sa-óm-Wv- ssN-\-bp-sS- {]-Xo-£.-

 

As¼bv-Xv- Nm-¼n-b- cïmw- du-ïnð-
_o-Pn-Mv-: As¼bv-¯v- hy-àn-KX tbm-Ky-Xbnð-- cïmw-Øm-\t¯m-sS C-´y-bp-sS- aw-KÄ- kn-Mv- Nm-¼n-b- c-ïmw- du-ïnð.- 700ð- 678 t]m-bn-âp- t\-Sn-bm-Wv- C-´y-³ Xm-cw- {]-Xo-£- D-WÀ-¯n-b-Xv.- H-ómw-kv-Ym-\w- t\-Sn-b- sa-Iv-kn-t¡m-bp-sS- bp-h-³ sd-s\- sk-dm-t\-tb-¡mÄ- H-cp- t]m-bn-âv- am-{X-am-Wv- Nm-¼n-b-¡p- Ip-d-hv.- F-en-an-t\-j-³ du-ïnð- 63þmw- kv-Ym-\-¡m-c-³ C-dm-sâ- hm-kn- tlm- Pm-sXm-em-ln-s\- C-´y-³ Xm-cw- t\-cn-Spw.- A-tX-k-a-bw- C-´y-³ h-\n-X-IÄ- C-\-¯nð- G-sd- ]n-ónð- t]m-bn.- s_mw-_m-bm-e- tZ-hn- 19þm-a-Xpw- tUm-f- _m-\À-Pn- 31þm-a-Xpw- hn- {]-Wn-X- 27þm-a-Xp-am-Wv- F-¯n-b-Xv.- F-ómð- C-h-c-S-§p-ó- Sow- IzmÀ-«-dnð- I-S-ón-«p-ïv.-

B-Zy-du-ïnð- Nm-¼y- 342 t]m-bn-âm-Wv- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- c-ïmw- {i-a-¯nð- 336Dw.- Im-äv- {]-Xn-Iq-e-am-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv- c-ïmw-L-«-¯nð- an-I-¨-{]-I-S-\w- Im-gv-N-h-bv-¡m-\m-Im-ª-sX-óv- C-´y-³ Xm-cw- ]-d-ªp.- _o-Pn-§n-se- th-\ð-¡m-äv- Ip-{]-kn-²-am-Wv.- B-Zy- L-«-¯nð- F-ñmw- A-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-óp.- F-ómð- ]n-óo-Sv- H-ópw- k-lm-bn-¨n-ñ-þ- Nm-¼n-b ]-d-ªp.-

Gähpw an-I¨ Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv- XpS¡saóv- tem-Iam-[y-a§Ä-
eï³-: ssN-\-bn-te-Xv- C-Xp-h-sc-bp-Å-Xnð- G-ä-hpw- an-I-¨- H-fn-¼n-Iv- D-Zv-Lm-S-\- N-S-s§-óv- tem-I- ]-{X-§Ä.- ssN\bpsS hÀ-[n-¨ Bßhn-izm-k¯n-sâbpw- kw-Lm-S\an-Ihn-sâbpw-- {]Xn-^e\am-Wv- _o-Pn-§nð- IïsXóv- ]{X§Ä- hn-ebn-cp-¯póp.- tem-I¯n-\p apónð- ssN\bpsS Icp¯v- hn-fn-¨dn-bn-¡pó hn-kv-ab Im-gv-NXsóbm-bn-cpóp-- shÅn-bm-gv-N _o-Pn-§n-se In-fn-¡q-Sv- -tÌUn-b¯nð- Act§dn-bXv.- sh-Sn-a-cp-óp- {]-tbm-K-hpw- \r-¯-hpw- C-g-tNÀ-ó- AXn-a-t\m-l-c- Im-gv-NX-só-bm-bn-cp-óp AXv.-

"08þ08þ08 bp²¯n-sâbpw- kam-[m-\¯n-sâbpw- Zn-\w-'- Fóm-Wv- {_n-«o-jv- ]{Xam-b "Z KmÀ-Un-b'-sâ Xes¡«v.- \n-d¯n-epw- hÀ-W¯n-epw sNehn-epw- F®¯n-epsañmw- _o-Pn-Mv- ap³-Km-an-Isf _lpZq-cw- ]n-ón-em-¡n.- ]pXn-b ssN\bpsS km-ón-[yw- tem-I¯n-\papónð- hn-fn-¨dn-bn-¨Xm-bn-cpóp-- DZv-Lm-S\ NSs§óv- ]{Xw- ]dbpóp. Hcp `m-K¯v- tPmÀ-Pn-bbpw- djy-bpam-bn- bp²w- \S¡pt¼m-Ä- asäm-cp `m-K¯v- kam-[m-\¯n-sâ DÕh¯n-\v- XpS¡w- Ipdn-¨Xm-bn- hmÀ-¯bnð- hn-iZo-Icn-¡póp.-

_o-Pn-Mv- tem-I-s¯- A-Xn-i-bn-¸n-s¨-óm-Wv- {_n-«o-jv- ]-{X-am-b- "-Z- sU-bv-en- sS-e-{Km-^n-'-sâ- H-ómw-t]-Pn-se- hmÀ-¯-bp-sS- X-e-s¡-«v.- tem-I-¯n-sâ- A-c-§-t¯-¡v- ssN-\- I-S-óp-h-só-óm-Wv- a-säm-cp- hmÀ-¯-bp-sS- X-e-s¡-«v.- C-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w- D-Zv-Lm-S-\-k-a-b-¯v- I-¬-^yq-jy-kn-sâ- Im-e-s¯- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡p-ó- Xq-hð- h-kv-{X-§-f-Wn-ª- \À-¯-I-cp-sS- Nn-{X-hpw- \ð-In.- am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b- H-fn-¼n-Iv-kv- D-Zv-Lm-S-\-am-sW-ópw- kv-t]mÀ-Sv-kpw- cm-{ão-b-hpw- X-½n-ep-Å- thÀ-Xn-cn-hv- ssN-\-bn-se- H-fn-¼n-Iv- cm-{Xn-bnð- C-ñm-Xm-b-Xm-bpw- hÀ-¯-bnð- ]-d-bp-óp.- ssN-\-bp-sS- i-àn- tem-I-¯n-\p-ap-ónð- hn-fn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-ó- an-I-¨- co-Xn-bnð- kw-hn-[m-\w-sN-bv-X- {]-I-S-\-am-Wv- ssN-\- Im-gv-N-h-¨-Xv.- ]-e-Im-cy-¯n-epw- ssN-\-sb- hn-aÀ-in-¡p-ó- A-ta-cn-¡-³ {]-kn-U-âv- tPmÀ-Pv- _p-jn-sâ-bpw- {^-ôv- {]-kn-U-âv- \n-t¡m-fm-kv- kÀ-t¡m-kn-bp-sS-bpw- ap-ónð-h-¨m-bn-cp-óp- Cu- i-àn-{]-I-S-\-sa-ó-Xv- C-Xn-s\- Iq-Sp-Xð- {i-t²-b-am-¡p-ó-Xm-bpw- ]-{Xw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-óp.-

 

C´y- Cóse

* _m-Uv-anâWnð- kbv-\ s\lv-hmÄ- BZy- du-ïv- Pbn-¨p-

* As¼bv-¯v- ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS tbm-Ky-Xbnð- aw-KÄ- kn-Mv- Nmw-_y- cïm-aXv.- h\n-XIfnð- 22þm-aXm-b s_mw-_m-ey- tZhn-bpw- 31þm-aXm-b tUm-f _m-\À-Pn-bpw- 37þm-aXmb hn- {]Wo-Xbpw- ]p-d¯m-bn.-

* t_m-Iv-kn-Mv- 75 In-tem- hn-`m-K¯nð- hn-tPµÀ- kn-§n-\v- BZy-du-ïv- Pbw.- 81 In-tem- hn-`m-K¯nð- Zn-t\iv- Ip-amÀ- tXm-äp.-

* Xp-g¨nð- ]p-cp-jhn-`m-Kw- kv-IÄ-knð- lo-äv-knð- _Pv-dw-Kv-emð- Xm-¡qÀ- aq-ómw-kv-Ym-\t¯m-sS IzmÀ-«dn-se¯n.-

* jq-«n-Mv- ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS 10 ao-äÀ- FbÀ-ssd^nfnð- katcjv- PMv- 42þmw- kv-Ym-\t¯¡v- ]n-´Ås¸«p.- h\n-Xm-hn-`m-K¯nð- kp-a jn-cqdn-\v- ss^\enð- IS¡m³-t]m-epw- Ign-ªn-ñ.- ARv-Pen- `KhXv- ss^\enð- 29þm-aXpw- Ah\o-Xv- IuÀ- 39þmaXp-am-bn.-- ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS {Sm-¸v- tbm-Ky-Xbn-ð- am-\hPn-Xv- kÔp- 12Dw- am-\jÀ- kn-Mv- 21Dw- kv-Ym-\¯v.-

* \o-´ð- ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS 100 ao-äÀ- s{_kv-äv-kv-t{Sm-¡nsâ lo-äv-knð- cïmw- kv-Ym-\¯m-b kµo-]v- tkPv-hm-fn-\v- skan- t\cn-b hy-Xym-k¯nð- \jv-Sam-bn.-

 

 

 

a-c-W-¯n-sâ -D-ów-sX-än- F-dn-Iv-k-¬- ho-ïpw-
_o-Pn-Mv-: _o-Pn-§n-se- jq-«n-Mv- td-ôp-I-fnð- \n-in-X-am-b- kq-£v-a-X-tbm-sS- Im-ôn-h-en-¡p-t¼mÄ- A-Xnð- H-cmÄ- a-c-W-¡n-S-¡-bnð-\n-óm-Wv-þ- A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS- {Sm-bv- jq-«À- s{_-äv- F-dn-Iv-k-¬.-

2004ð- ]-cn-io-e-\-tI-{µ-¯nð-h-¨v- F-dn-Iv-k--\v- lr-t{Zm-K-_m-[-bp-ïm-bn.- aq-óp- an-\n-täm-fw- \m-Un-an-Sn-¸v- \n-e-¨p.- a-cn-s¨-óp-X-só- I-cp-Xn.- a-c-W-¯n-sâ- D-ów-sX-än.- A-Ûp-Xw-t]m-se- F-dn-Iv-k-¬- Po-hn-X-¯n-te-¡v- Xn-cn-¨p-\-S-óp,-- t]-kv-ta-¡-dn-sâ- k-lm-b-t¯m-sS.- t]-kv-ta-¡-dp-am-bn- H-fn-¼n-Iv-kn-s\-¯p-ó- B-Zy- Im-bn-I-Xm-cw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- F-dn-Iv-k-¬.-

\mð-¸-t¯-gp-Im-c-\m-b- F-dn-Iv-k-¬- ]-d-bp-ó-Xv- Xm-³ C-t¸mÄ- t^m-an-em-sW-óm-Wv.- -C-Xv- sh-dpw- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-a-ñ.- Cu- hÀ-jw- \-S-ó- c-ïv- A-´m-cm-jv-{S- a-Õ-c-§-fnð- F-dn-Iv-k-¬- sa-Uð- t\-Sn.- H-cp- sh-Ån-bpw- H-cp- sh-¦-e-hpw.-

\o-´ð-¡p-f¯nð- Cóv-
]p-cp-jòmÀ-:
400 ao-äÀ- hy-àn-KX saUv-se,- {^o-kv-ssäð,- 100 s{_kv-äv- kv-t{Sm-¡v-
h\n-XIÄ-:
100 ao-äÀ- _«À-^v-ssf,- 400 hy-àn-KX saUv-se,- 4þ100 ao-äÀ- {^o-kv-säð- dn-te-

 

56t]À,- 100 -tIm-Sn- kz-]v-\§fp-am-bn-
_oPn-Mv-: 110 tIm-Sn- P\§Ä.- Ahcp-sS kz-]v-\§fp-sS `m-chpw- Np-aen-teän- 56 Im-bn-IXm-c§Ä.- C´y-¡v- DZn-¡m³- _o-Pn-s§¦n-epw- ]p-Xp-sbm-cp- BIm-iw- Im-«n-¯cp-tam.- ARv-Pp- t_m-_n- tPmÀ-Pv,- en-bm³-UÀ- s]bv-kv-þatljv- `q-]Xn,- cm-Py-hÀ-[³- kn-Mv- dm-t¯m-sUó- se^v-ä\âv- tIWen-sâ tXm-¡p-]«m-fw... -Im-e§fm-bp-Å Im-¯n-cn-¸n-\v- s]m-ón-ð- s]m-Xn-sªm-cp- k½m-\w- \ð-Im³- BÀ-¡m-Wv- Ign-bp-I?-

Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-se BZy- ]¦m-fn-¯¯n-\v- \q-dp-hbkv- ]n-ón-Sp-t¼m-gpw- C´y-bp-sS tjm-tIkn-ep-ÅXv- F«v- kzÀ-Ww- DÄ-s¸sS 17 saUep-IÄ- am-{Xam-Wv. 17 hbkv- {]m-bhpw- 96 e£w- P\kw-Jy-bp-ap-Å _em-dkn-sâ A¡u-ïnð- Bdv-- kzÀ-Ww- DÄ-s¸sS 53 saUep-Ifp-sïóXv- CXn-t\m-Sv- Iq-«n-hm-bn-¡Ww.- 1.-1 tIm-Sn- a¡fp-Å Iyq-_bv-¡v- kzÀ-W¸X¡§Ä-am-{Xw- 44 F®ap-ïv.-

1980ð- Ahkm-\s¯ In-co-Shpw- t\Sn- tlm-¡n- Sow- sI«S§n-btijw- Ctóhsc s]m-ón-sâ Hcp- Xcn- Igp-¯n-eWn-bm³- C´y-¡v- Ign-ªn-«n-ñ.- ]n-óo-Sp-Å Bdv- sKbnw-kp-Ifnð- en-bm³-UÀ- s]bv-kv,- IÀ-Ww- atñizcn- Fón-hcp-sS t]scgp-Xn-b cïv-- sh¦ehpw- GY³-knð- cm-Py-hÀ-[³- kn-Mv- dm-t¯m-Un-sâ tXm-¡n³-ap-\bnð- sIm-cp-¯ Hcp- shÅn-bpw- am-{Xam-Wv- C´y³- k¼m-Zyw.-

DZv-Lm-S\¯n-\p-tijw- að-kc§Ä- Hu-]Nm-cn-Iam-bn- Xp-S§p-ó Cóv- 14 C´y³- Xm-c§Ä-¡v- Act§äam-Wv.- _m-Uv-anâWnð- aebm-fn-bm-b A\q-]v- {io-[dpw- _w-¥q-À¡m-cn- kbv-\ s\lv-hm-fpw- Cóv- Hómw-du-ïv- að-kc¯n-\n-d§pw.- t_m-Iv-kn-§nð- hn-tPµÀ- kn-Mv,- Zn-t\iv-Ip-amÀ,- jq-«n-§nð- am-\hPn-Xv- kÔp,- am³-jÀ- kn-Mv,- katcjv- PMv,- Ah\o-Xv- IuÀ,- \o-´enð- kµo-]v- tkPv-hmÄ,- bm-¨n-§nð- F³- Fkv- tPm-jn,- Xp-g¨n-enð- _Pcw-Kv- Fð- Xm-¡qÀ,- tZthµÀ- Jm-ïv-hmÄþa³-Po-Xv- kn-Mv- Sow,- Pq-tUm-bnð- Jp-ap-Pw- tXmw-_n- tZhn- Fón-hcm-Wv- Cóv- að-kcn-¡m-\n-d§p-ó C´y³- Xm-c§Ä.-

jq-«n-Mv,- sSóo-kv,- As¼bv-¯v,- t_m-Ivkn-Mv Fón-hbn-em-Wv- \n-esa¨s¸Sp-¯m-saó C´y-bp-sS {]Xo-£IÄ- Ip-Sn-sIm-Åp-óXv.- AXv-eän-Iv-knð- 1920\p- tijap-Å BZy- saUð- C¯hWbpw- kz-]v-\§Ä-¡¸p-d¯m-Wv.-

aq-óv- {Km³-Uv-kv-emw- In-co-S§Ä- t\Sn-bn-«p-Å en-bm³-UÀ- s]bv-kv-þatljv- `q-]Xn- kJy-¯n-\v- {]m-b¯n-sâ ]cm-[o-\XIÄ-¡pw- aq-¸n-fa¯À-¡¯n-sâ ap-dp-ap-dp-¸p-IÄ-¡n--Sbn-epw- sSóo-knð- Hcp- saUð- A{]m-]y-añ.- GY³-knð- saUen-\Sp-¯p-hscsb¯m³- ChÀ-¡p- Ign-ªn-cp-óp.- tIm-a¬-shð-¯v- sKbnw-kn-se kzÀ-WsaUð- tPXm-hv- AJnð-IpamÀ,- \n-ehn-se Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv- Nm-¼y³- _Jv-Xn-bmÀ- A{Sm-tbhn-s\ CSn-¨n-«v- shÅn-t\Sn-b hn-tPµÀ- Fón-hcn-em-Wv- t_m-Iv-kn-Mv- {]Xo-£IÄ.-

As¼bv-¯nð- Ign-ª tem-II¸nð- kzÀ-Ww-t\Sn-b tUm-f _m-\À-Pn¡v- B an-Ihv- BhÀ-¯n-¡m-\m-bmð- Chn-sSbpw- hn-Pb]o-Tw- Ibdmw.- tem-Isdt¡m-Un-\v- `o-jWn-bp-bÀ-¯n-b {]IS\¯n-\v- DSabm-b aw-KÄ- kn-Mv- Nmw-_y-bm-Wv- hn-ñm-fn-Ifn-se asäm-cp- {]Xo-£.-

1952ð- sI Un- bm-Zhn-eq-sS kz-X{´`m-cX Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-se BZy- hy-Iv-Xn-KX saUð- t\Sn-b Kp-kv-Xn-bnð- B s]cp-a \n-e\nÀ-¯m³-t]m-ó {]IS\w- tbm-tKiz- À- Z¯v (60 In-tem)- kp-ioð-Ip-amÀ -(66),- cm-Po-hv- tSm-amÀ- (120)- Fón-hÀ-¡v- Ffp-¸am-In-ñ.-

_m-Uv-anâWnð- A\q-]pw- kbv-\bpw- kao-]Im-e¯v- an-I¨ {]IS\§Ä- \S¯n-bn-«p-ïv.- BZy-du-ïp-Ifnð- FXn-cm-fn-IÄ- ZpÀ-_ecm-bXn-sâ B\p-Iq-eyw- ap-XseSp-¡m³- ChÀ-¡p- Ign-bp-tam- FóXm-Wv- \nÀ-Wm-bIw.- tS_nÄ- sSóo-knð- tIm-a¬-shð-¯v- Nm-¼y³- icXv- Iam-epw- s\l AKÀ-hm-fpw- GXm-\pw- du-ïp-IÄ- Xm-ïn-tb¡mw- FóXn-\¸p-dw- hen-b {]Xo-£IÄ- \ð-Ip-ón-ñ.-

CXm-Zy-am-bn- \o-´enð- C´y- \m-ev-- Xm-c§sf AWn-\n-c¯p-óp.- ]Xn-\m-dp-Im-c³- hoÀ-[hmÄ- Jm-sU,- kµo-]v- tkPv-hmÄ,- tcl³- t]m-ô,- A¦pÀ- s]m-tkcn-b Fón-hcm-Wv- \o-´ð-¡p-f¯nð- C´y-bpsS ]¦m-fn-¯w.-

C´y- Dów-]n-Sn-¡p-óp,-
kz-]v-\§fn-te¡v-
_o-Pn-Mv-: Fñm- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-epw- tlm-¡n-¡m-cp-sS kv-än-¡p-Ifn-em-bn-cp-óp- C´y-bp-sS kp-hÀ-Wkz-]v-\§Ä.- Fómð,- F«p-XhW kzÀ-Ww-t\Sn-b Ncn-{Xap-Å tlm-¡n- Sow- tbm-Ky-Xt]m-epw- t\Sm-sXt]m-b _o-Pn-§nð- C´y- {]Xo-£bÀ-¸n-¡p-óXv- jq-«n-Mv- Xm-c§fn-em-Wv.- GY³-knð- "Im-f¡®v'- XIÀ-¯v- shÅn-saUð- t\Sn-b cm-Py-hÀ-[³-kn-Mv- dm-t¯m-Upw- F«v- Iq-«p-Im-cpw-- C¯hW Iq-Sp-Xð- t\«§Ä- sIm-¿p-saóm-Wv- C´y-bp-sS {]Xo-£.-

jq-«n-Mv- tdônð- saUð- tXSn-bp-Å C´y-bp-sS t]m-cm-«w- Cóp- Xp-S§pw.- Cóv- hn-[n-\nÀ-Wbn-¡p-ó cïv- C\§fn-epw- C´y³- Xm-c§Ä- að-kcn-¡p-óp-ïv.- ]p-cp-j³-am-cp-sS 10 ao-äÀ- FbÀ- ]n-kv-äfnð- tIm-a¬-shð-¯v- sKbnw-kn-se kq-¸À-Xm-cam-b katcjv- P§pw- h\n-XIfp-sS að-kc¯nð- Ah\o-Xv- Iudpw- Cóv- tXm-s¡Sp-¡pw.- tem-INm-¼y³- am-\hPn-Xv- kÔp,- am³-jÀ- kn-Mv- Fón-hÀ- ]s¦Sp-¡p-ó {Sm-¸v- C\¯n-sâ tbm-Ky-Xm-du-ïpw- Cóp- \S¡pw.-

BZyw- \S¡p-ó h\n-XIfp-sS að-kc¯nð- ssN\o-kv- Xm-c§Ä-¡m-Wv- km-[y-X Ið-¸n-¡s¸Sp-óXv. -ssN\o-kv- kabw- cm-hn-se 10.-30\m-Wv- að-kcw.- GY³-kv- sKbnw-kn-se tP{Xn- Un- eo,- tem-I Hómw-\¼À- PÀ-a\n-bp-sS tkm³-P s^en-jn-^v-äÀ,- tem-II¸v- Nm-¼y³- sNIv- dn-¸»n-¡n-sâ Im-Xdo-\ F½³-kv- Fón-hÀ- AWn-\n-c¡p-ó Cu- C\¯nð- saUð-t\Sp-I Ffp-¸añ.- Fómð,- sNdn-b ]n-ghp-IÄ¡p-t]m-epw- hen-bhn-e sIm-Sp-t¡ïn-hcp-ó jq-«n-Mv-t]m-ep-Å C\¯nð- saUð- Bcp-sSbpw- AhIm-iasñóv- sXfn-bn-¡m-\p-Å X¿m-sdSp-¸n-em-Wv- Ión- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-s\m-cp-§p-ó Ah\o-Xv.-

ASp-¯Zn-hkw- \S¡p-ó 50 ao-äÀ- FbÀ- ssd^n-fnð- að-kcn-¡p-ó ARv-Pen- `KhXv- GY³-kn-se ]ng-hp-IÄ- Xo-cp-¯m-\p-Å X¿m-sdSp-¸n-em-Wv.- GY³-knð- að-kcn-¡p-t¼mÄ- Gsd k½À-Zw- A\p-`hn-¨n-cp-óXn-\mð- an-I¨ {]IS\w- Im-gv-Nhbv-¡m³- Ign-ªn-sñóv- ARv-Pen- ]dbp-óp.- Fómð,- C¯hW Nn-«tbm-sSbp-Å ]cn-io-e\¯n-eq-sS k½À-Zs¯ adn-IS¡m³- Ign-bp-saóv- BXv-ahn-izm-kap-ïvþ ARv-Pen- ]dbp-óp.-

Ign-ªXhW U_nÄ- {Sm-¸nð- shÅn- t\Sn-b dm-t¯m-Un-\v- Cóv- að-kcan-ñ.- P\§Ä-¡v- Gsd {]Xo-£bp-sïóv- X\n-¡dn-bm-saóv- dm-t¯m-Uv- ]dbp-óp.- ]t£,- ]cam-h[n- {ian-¡p-I am-{Xta F\n-¡p- sN¿m-\p-Åq.- AXn-\v- km-[n-¨mð- Rm³- Xr-]v-X\m-bnþ dm-t¯m-Uv- ]dªp.-

10 ao-äÀ- FbÀ-ssd^fn-ð- ]s¦Sp-¡p-ó tem-I Nm-¼y³- A`n-\hv- _n-{µ,- tem-II¸v- tPXm-hv- KK³- \cw-Kv- Fón-hcn-eqw- C´y- hen-b {]Xo-£bm-Wv- ]p-eÀ-¯p-óXv.-

Hfn-¼n-Iv- NmÀ-«dn-sâ ew-L\w-
tUm.- ap-l½Zv- Ajv-d^v-
\n-Xy-kulr-Z¯n-sâbpw- km-tlm-Zcy-¯n-sâbpw- thZn-bm-Wv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv.- aXm-ÔXbp-sSbpw- cm-jv-{So-bsshc¯n-sâbpw- t]cnð- Dïm-Im-hp-ó t]m-cp-Ifpw- A`n-{]m-bhy-Xym-k§fpw- h³-bp-²§fp-sam-s¡ \nÀ-¯n-hbv-¡p-ó Im-eL«hp-am-bn-cp-óp- ]pcm-X\ Hfn-¼n-Iv- Zn-\§Ä.- AXn-\p-tijw- 1896ð- B[p-\n-I Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv NmÀ-«À- hóp.- A\p-kcn-¨v,- kam-[m-\¯n-sâbpw- km-tlm-Zcy-¯nsâbpw- Zn-\§fm-bn-cn-¡pw- Hfn-¼n-Iv- að-kc§Ä- \S¯p-ó Im-eL«saóv- \n-jv-IÀ-jn-¡s¸«p.- AXnÀ-hc¼p-Ifpw IS¼Ifpw- Cñm-sX tem-Iw-- Hcn-S¯v- Hcp-an-¡p-ó thZn-bp-am-Wv- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv.- CtXkab¯p-Xsóbm-Wv- cm-jv-{So-b sshcw- I¯n-Pz-en-¨p-\nð-¡p-ó Im-eL«§sfb\p-kv-acn-¸n-¨p-sIm-ïv- `m-cXkÀ-¡mÀ- tIcf¯n-sâ kv-t]mÀ-Sv-kv- -a{´n-bp-sS Hfn-¼n-Iv- thZn-bn-te¡p-Å bm-{X XSªXv.- - CXv -acym-ZIfp-sS am-{Xañ,- Hfn-¼n-Iv- NmÀ-«dn-sâ Iq-Sn- \Kv-\am-b ew-L\am-Wv.-

]s¦Sp-¡p-ó So-ap-Isf A\p-Kan-¡m-\À-lXbp-Åhcp-sS Iq-«¯nð,- ]cn-io-eIÀ,- kw-LS\m-{]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ,- hIp-¸p-XehòmÀ,- AXXv- hIp-¸p-Ifn-se a{´n-amÀ- Fón-hcp--ïv.- - tIcf¯n-sâ \n-ch[n- Im-bn-IXm-c§Ä- ]s¦Sp-¡p-ó - að-kcw- Im-Wm-\p-Å AÀ-lX Hfn-¼n-Iv- \n-baa\p-kcn-¨p-Xsó tIcf Im-bn-I hIp-¸p-a{´n-¡p-ïv.- Cu- AhIm-iw- -\n-tj[n-¡p-óXv,- -- Im-bn-Icw-Kt¯m-Spap-Å ISp-¯ AhKW\bpw- Hfn-¼n-Iv- \n-ba§tfm-Spw- N«§tfm-Spw- Hfn-¼n-Iv- NmÀ-«dn-t\m-Sp-ap-Å A\m-Zchp-am-Wv; Hcp-Im-e¯v- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kv- _ln-jv-Icn-¡p-hm³- Blzm-\w- sNbv-XhÀ,- _p-jpw kmÀ-t¡m-kn-bp-aS¡w,-- sXäp-Xn-cp-¯n- - _o-Pn-§n-se¯pt¼mÄ- F¡m-ehpw- kam-[m-\ktµi¯n-sâ hIv-Xm-¡fm-b alm-`m-cX¯n-se `cWIq-Sw,- Adn-tªm- Adn-bm-sXtbm- Hfn-¼n-Iv-kn-sâ ap-J¯v- Icn-tX¡p-Ibm-Wv.-

C-óv- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-ó- kzÀ-Ww- 7
ssk-¢n-Mv- þ-1
]p-cp-j-òm-cp-sS- tdm-Uv- sd-bv-kv-
s^-³kn-Mv- þ-1
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- hy-àn-K-X- km-s{_-
Pq-tUm- þ-2
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- 48 In-tem-
]p-cp-j-òm-cp-sS- 60 In-tem-
jq-«n-Mv- þ-2
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- 10 ao.- F-bÀ- ssd-^nÄ-
]p-cp-j-òm-cp-sS- 10 ao.- F-bÀ- ]n-kv-äÄ-
`m-tcm-Zz-l-\w- þ-1
h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- 48 In-tem-

C-´y- C-óv-
_o-Pn-Mv-:- H-fn-¼n-Iv-knð- C-óv- C-´y- a-Õ-cn-¡p-ó- C-\-§Ä.-
_m-Uv-an-â-¬-:- A-cq-]v- {io-[À-þ-amÀ-tIm- hm-kv-tIm-³ sk-tem-kv- (t]mÀ-¨p-Kð)-
km-\n-b- s\-lv-hmðþC-e-Uo-lð- I-cm-¨v-tIm-h- (d-jy)-
t_m-Iv-kn-Mv-:- hn-tP-µÀ- (75 In-tem).- Zn-t\-iv-Ip-amÀ- (81 In-tem)-
jq-«n-Mv-:- am-\-hv-Pn-Xv-k-Ôp,- am-³tjÀ-kn-Mv- ({Sm-]v)-
k-a-tc-jv- bp-Mv- (F-bÀ- ]n-kv-äð- 10 ao.)-
A-hv-\o-Xv-IuÀ- kn-±p- (h-\n-X- F-bÀ-ssd-^nÄ- 10 ao)-
\o-´ð-:- k-µo-]v- sk-Pv-hmÄ- (100 ao.- _m-¡v-kv-t{Sm-¡v)-
bm-«n-Mv-:- F-³ F-kv- tPm-lvð-
Xp-g-¨nð-:- _-Pv-dm-Mv- Fð- Xm-¡qÀ- (knw-KnÄ- kv-IÄ-kv)-
tZ-th-µÀ- J-³Uv-hmð,- a-³Po-Xv-kn-Mv-