]m-T]p-kv-XI¯n-s\Xn-cm-b kacw- P\m-[n-]Xy-t¯m-Sp-Å shñp-hn-fn- Ign-ªbm-gv-N Fð-Un-F^v- Kh¬-sa³-dn-\pw- kn-]n-sF F½n-\pw- FXn-sc Ggmw- kv-äm³-tUÀ-Un-se km-aq-ly-im-kv-{Xw- ]m-T]p-kv-XIs¯sNm-ñn- \St¯ï Hcp- `o-Icm-{IaW¯n-s³-d sjs\cn-tbm- _\v-[s¸«hscñmw- Iq-Sn- X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-óp.- Ip-«n-¡p-c§òm-scs¡m-ïv- Np-Sp-tNm-dv- am-´n-¡em-bn-cp-óp- Hómw- L«w.- AXn-\p-]n-óm-se N§\m-tÈcn-bnð-\n-óv- It¯m-en-¡m-_n-j¸p-am-cpw- F³-Fkv-Fkv-- t\Xm-¡fpw- tNÀ-óv- bp-² {]Jym-]\w-: hn-hm-Z]m-T ]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¡m-sX NÀ-¨¡n-ñ.- Fsó¦n-epw- AhÀ- Fð-Un-F^v- Kh¬-sa³-dp-am-bn- NÀ-¨¡v- kó²am-tbm- Fóp- Bcpw- tNm-Zn-t¡ïXn-ñ.- kw-kv-Ym-\¯v- \n-bam-\p-kr-Xam-bn- \n-ehnð-hó Hcp- Kh¬-sa³-dm-Wv- AXv.- AXn-t\m-Sv- Ip-sd ]u-còmÀ- tNÀ-óp-ïm-¡n-b kw-LS\Ifp-sS t\Xm-¡Ä- þ `cWLS\m-]cam-bn- t\m-¡n-bmð- AXm-Wtñm- N§\m-tÈcn-bnð- tNÀ-óhcp-sS ]Zhn- þ Im-Wn-t¡ï acym-Z AhÀ- Im-Wn-¡p-óp-tïm?- `cWIq-S¯n-s³-d ap-Ifnð- hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó Ft´m- Hóm-Wv- X§Ä- Fóm-Wv- Ahcp-sS `m-hw.- (AtXkabw- ap-Énw- kw-LS\Ifp-sS {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ- Xn-cp-h\´]p-cs¯¯n- ap-Jy-a{´n-bpw- hn-Zym-`ym-ka{´n-bp-am-bn- {]iv-\w- NÀ-¨ sNbv-Xp).- bp-²{]Jym-]\¯n-s³-d Xp-SÀ-¨ Fó \n-ebn-em-bn-cp-óp- \n-bak`bnð- BZy-Zn-hks¯ _lfhpw- hm-¡u-«pw- - cïmw- Zn-hks¯ ASn-b´c {]tabhpw- Xp-SÀ-óp-Å Zn-hk§fnð- ae¸p-ds¯ ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- I¯n-¡ð- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å \S]SnIfpw.- hntam-N\ kac¯n-s³-d- ssien-bnð- sIm-«n-¡em-i¯n-te¡v- Im-cy-§sf sIm-sï¯n-¡m-\p-Å t_m-[]qÀ-ham-b Icp-\o-¡§Ä.- Nn-e am-[y-a§fn-se hmÀ-¯Ifn-ð-\n-óv- AXv- kv-]jv-Sw.- ]s£,- ASn-b´c {]tab NÀ-¨bnð-\n-ópw- \m-\m- am-[y-a§fnð kv-IqÄ- Ip-«n-IÄ- ap-Xð- cmjv-{So-b t\Xm-¡fpw- `cWm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw- ]s¦Sp-¯p- \Só NÀ-¨Ifnð-\n-ópw- Hcp- Im-cyw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn.- hn-aÀ-i\hp-am-bn- Nm-Sn-bn-d§n-b ]ecpw- ]p-kv-XItam- AXn-s³-d kao-]\w- \nÀ-Wbn-¨ tIcf ]m-Ty-]²Xn- N«¡q-Sv- tcJtbm- tZio-b ]m-Ty-]²Xn N«¡q-Sv- þ 2005Hm- hm-bn-¨n-«n-ñ.- GXv- km-[m-cW¡m-c\pw- Hcp- X¿m-sdSp-¸pw- Iq-Sm-sX hn-ebn-cp-¯p-Ibpw- A`n-{]m-bw- ]dbp-Ibpw- sN¿m-hp-ó Hóm-Wv- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- Fóm-Wv- ]ecp-sSbpw- [m-cW.- AXv- NÀ-¨Ifnð- Xp-dóp- Im-Wn-¡s¸«p.- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw,- ]m-Ty-]²Xn- ap-Xem-bhsb¡p-dn-¨v- hn-Zym-`ym-k taJebp-am-bn- ZoÀ-LIm-ew- _\v-[s¸«hÀ- Fó \n-ebnð- km-am-\y- Pv-Rm-\w- Dïm-tIïhcm-Wv- kap-Zm-bt\Xm-¡Ä,- cm-jv-{So-bI£n- t\Xm-¡Ä ap-Xem-bhÀ.- A{X ZoÀ-LIm-e k¼À-¡w- Csñ¦nepw,-- hn-ZymÀ-Xv-Yn- t\Xm-¡Ä-¡pw- km-am-\y- Pv-Rm-\w- Dïm-bn-cn-¡Ww.- AXn-ñ Fóv- AhÀ- sXfn-bn-¨ncn¡pIbmWv.- kn-_n-Fkv-C kn-e_kv- ]Tn-¸n-¡p-ó kv-Iq-fp-Ifp-sSIq-Sn- `cWt\Xr-Xzw- hln-¡p-óhcm-Wtñm- kap-Zm-b t\Xm-¡Ä.- B kv-Iq-fp-Ifnð- cïp-hÀ-jam-bn- \n-e\nð-¡p-ó ]m-Ty-]²Xn-bpw- ]m-T]p-kv-XI§fpw- Hóp- adn-¨p-t\m-¡m-am-bn-cp-ón-tñ AhÀ-¡v?- {]tXy-In-¨v- tZio-b ]m-Ty-]²Xn-þ 2005s³-d ASn-kv-Ym-\¯n-em-Wv- tIcf¯nð- ]p-Xn-b ]m-Ty-]²Xn-bpw- ]m-T]p-kv-XI§fpw- X¿m-dm-¡s¸«Xv- Fóv- Kh¬-sa³-dv- hm-Zn-¡p-t¼mÄ.- AsXm-ópw- X§Ä-¡v- _m-[Iañ,- Kh¬-sa³-dv- X§Ä- ]dªXv- A\p-kcn-¨mð- aXn- Fótñ Ahcp-sS \n-e]m-Sv?- kap-Zm-b t\Xm-¡tfm-Sv- Fñm- _lp-am-\t¯m-sSbpw- tNm-Zn-¡s«,- CXnð-]cw- [n-¡m-cw- `cWIq-St¯m-Sv- GsX¦n-epw- Hcp- hn-`m-Kw- P\Xsb {]Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN¿p-óhcm-bn- AhIm-is¸Sp-óhÀ-¡v- Im-Wn-¡m³- Ign-bp-tam?- `cWIq-Sw- Csñ¦nð- \yq-\]£m-hIm-iw- kw-c£n-¡m³- Bcm-Wv- Dïm-hp-I?- AhÀ-¡v- ]m-T]pkv-XIs¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å hn-tbm-Pn-¸pw- FXnÀ-¸p-sam-s¡ Kh¬-sa³-dv- tIÄ-¡p-Ibpw- ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿Ww.- ]s£,- Kh¬-sa³-dv- AÀ-ln-¡p-ó BZchv- AhÀ- Kh¬-sa³-dn-t\m-Sv- Im-Wn-¡Ww.- A§s\bm-tWm- Ip-d¨p-Im-eam-bn- Hcp- hn-`m-Kw- kap-Zm-bt\Xm-¡Ä- s]cp-am-dp-óXv- Fóv- AhÀ- Btem-Nn-¡s«.- P\§Ä- hn-ebn-cp-¯s«.- ]p-Xn-b ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- Hcp- cm-{Xn-s¡m-ïv- X¿m-dm-¡m³- Ign-bp-tam,- Ct¸m-gp-ÅXv- ]n³-hen-¨mð?- 2001ð- X¿m-dm-¡n-sh¨n-cp-ó ]m-T]p-kv-XI§Ä- bp-Un-F^v- Kh¬-sa³-dv- ho-ïm-tem-N\bn-ñm-sX ]n³-hen-¨t¸mÄ- kw-kv-Ym-\¯v- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Ifpw- c£n-Xm-¡fpw- A\p-`hn-¨ {]bm-kw- HmÀ-¯p-t\m-¡p-I.- A\ym-b hn-`m-Kw- hm-Zw- am-{Xw- tI«v- hn-[n- ]dbWw- Fóv- Bhiy-s¸Sp-óXp-t]m-sebm-Wv- kap-Zm-bt\Xm-¡fpw- bp-Un-F^v- t\Xm-¡fpw,-- BZyw- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¡s«,- ]n-óo-Sm-Imw- NÀ-¨ Fóp- \nÀ-t±in-¨Xv.- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Itfm-Sv- Að-]sa¦n-epw- Icp-Wbpw- Xmð-]cy-hpw- Dïm-bn-cp-só¦nð- AhÀ- C§s\ Bhiy-s¸Sp-am-bn-cp-ón-ñ.- kap-Zm-b hn-Im-c§sf ]p-kv-XIw- {hWs¸Sp-¯n- Fóv- hn-Im-cw- sIm-ïm-Wv- kap-Zm-b t\Xm-¡Ä-¡v- lm-en-fIn-bXpw- ]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¡m³- AhÀ- Bhiy-s¸«Xpw- Fóp- hm-Z¯n-\p-thïn- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡mw.- ]s£,- {]Xn-]£t\Xm-hv- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å {]Xn-]£ t\Xm-¡tfm?- AhÀ- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¨n-t« NÀ-¨¡p-Åq- Fóp- iTn-¨Xv- P\§tfm-Spw- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Itfm-Sp-ap-Å Xn-Iª \n-cp-¯chm-Zn-Xz-atñ?- tI{µ Kh¬-sa³-dv- \S¸m-¡n-b ]m-Ty-]²Xn-bp-sS k¯ C\n-sb¦n-epw- AhÀ- a\Ên-em-t¡ïXtñ?- tIm¬-{Kkv- ]mÀ-Sn- aX\n-ct]£ P\m-[n-]Xy- ]mÀ-Sn-bm-Wv- Fóv- AXn-s³-d t\Xm-¡Ä- AhIm-is¸Sp-óp.- AXv- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-\pw- X¿m-dm-Wv.- ]s£,- AhÀ- kap-Zm-bt\Xm-¡sft¸m-seXsó A\v-[am-b aXhn-Im-cw- {]ISn-¸n-¡p-óXv- icn-bm-tWm?- A\v-[am-b Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-tcm-[w- {]ISn-¸n-¡p-óXv,- cïp- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- ]mÀ-Sn-Ifp-sS ]n-´p-W sIm-ïp- am-{Xw- \n-e\nð-¡p-ó Hcp- Kh¬-sa³-dn-s\ \bn-¡p-ó ]mÀ-Sn-¡p- `q-jWam-tWm?.- -]mÀ-esa³-dnð- {]Xn-]£ t\Xm-hm-bn- Xn-f§n-b F sI Pn-bp-sS t]tcm- At±lw- `q-]cn-jv-IcWs¯¡p-dn-s¨gp-Xn-b hcn-Itfm ]m-T]p-kv-XI¯nð- tNÀ-¯p-Iq-Sm- Fó hm-Zw- A\v-[am-b cm-jv-{So-b hn-tZz-j¯n-s³-d _lnÀ- {]IS\atñ?- tIcf¯nð- hn-Zym-`ym-k hIp-¸v- ZoÀ-LIm-ew- ssIIm-cyw- sNbv-X Hcp- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS hn-ZymÀ-Yn- hn-`m-Kam-Wv- Fw- Fkv- F^v.- Hcp- ap³- hn-Zym-`ym-k a{´n-bp-sS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epw- km-ón-²y-¯n-ep-am-Wv- AhÀ- ae¸p-d¯v- ]m-T]p-kv-XI§Ä- I¯n-¨p-IfªXv.- ap-Énw-eo-Kn-\pw- B £p-{Z Ir-Xy-¯n-s³d D¯chm-Zn-Xz-¯nð-\n-óv- Hgn-ªp-am-dm-\m-hn-ñ.- Ggmw- ¢m-kn-se ]p-kv-XIw- am-{Xta AhÀ- I¯n-¨p-Åq- FóXm-bn-cp-óp- ap³- a{´n-bp-sS \ym-bo-IcWw.- {]Xo-Im-Xv-aIam-bn- t]m-epw- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- I¯n-¡p-óXv- sXäm-Wv.- hn-Zym-À-Xv-Yn-IÄ-¡pw- aäpw- AXv- sXäm-b am-Xr-Ibm-Wv- Im-Wn-¡p-óXv.- Acp-Xm-¯Xp- ]eXpw- sNbv-Xtijw- _\v-[s¸«hcnð- Nn-eÀ-¡v- Nn-e Im-cy-§fn-se¦n-epw- Pm-fy-Xbpw- Ip-Wv-Tn-Xhp-ap-ïv- Fóp- Im-Wp-óp.- A{Xbpw- \ñXv.- C\n-sb¦n-epw- thïXv- kap-Zm-b hn-Im-cw- Bfn-¡¯n-¡m-\pw- hn-Zym-eb§sfbpw- ]m-T]p-kv-XI§sfbpw- B{Ian-¡m-\p-ap-Å \o-¡§fn-ð-\n-óv- cm-jv{So-b ]mÀ-Sn-Ifpw- kap-Zm-b kw-LS\Ifpw- hn-Zym-`ym-khp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸« asäñm-hcpw- ]n-òm-dWw.- XÀ-¡ {]iv-\§Ä- NÀ-¨bn-eq-sS cay-am-bn- ]cn-lcn-¡Ww.- sXäp-IÄ- a\Ên-em-¡n- Xn-cp-¯m³ AhÀ- -X¿m-dm-IWw.- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Isf Cf¡n-hn-«pw- hn-Zym-eb§sf km-ap-Zm-bn-I hSw-hen-bp-sS tI{µam-¡n-bpw- \S¯p-ó Xcw- {]t£m-`§fn-ð-\n-óv- _\v-[s¸«hscñmw- ]n-òm-dWw.- AtXkabw- hn-ZymÀ-Xv-Yn-Ifpw- hn-Zym-`ym-khp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸« {]iv-\§Ä-s¡ñmw- kÀ-¡mÀ- F{Xbpw- thKw- ]cn-lm-cw- ImWp-Ibpw- thWw.- CHINTHA Ipcp-S-òmÀ Iï ]mT-]p-kvXIw F sI N{µ³ (P\dð sk{ISdn, sIFkvSnF kwØm\ I½nän) Ggmw ¢mknse kmaq-ly-imkv{X ]mT]pkvX-I-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Dbcpó Bt£-]-§Ä tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ HmÀ½hcp-óXv Ipcp-S-òmÀ B\sb hÀWn¨ IY-bm-Wv. Xp¼nss¡ X¸n-t\m-¡n-b-h\v Ipgev t]msebpw sNhn t\m¡n-b-h\v apdw t]msebpw DSev t\m¡n-b-h\v Ipóv t]msebpw Imev t\m¡n-b-h\v XqWv t]msebpw hmev t\m¡n-b-h\v Nqev t]msebpambn-cp-óp B\. CXp-t]mse hnhm-Z-]p-kvXIw NneÀ¡v aX-hn-cp-²hpw aäv NneÀ¡v tZi-hn-cp-²hpw C\n NneÀ¡v I½yq-Wnkw ]Tn-¸n-¡m-\p-ÅXpw thsd NneÀ¡v CsXñmw tNÀóXp-am-Wv. Hcp Imcyw Dd-¸mW.v Hóp-Inð Cu ]pkvXIw AhÀ hmbn-¨n-«nñ (A§-s\-sbmcp ZpÈoew AhÀ¡n-ñ-tñm). Asñ-¦nð hmbn-¨n«pw AhÀ¡v a\-kn-em-bn-¡m-Wn-ñ. AXp-sIm-ïm-Wtñm Ah-cnð ]eÀ¡pw ]co-£-IÄ ]mkm-hm³ aäv amÀK§Ä tXtS-ïn-h--ó-Xv. B[p-\nI kn²m-´-§-f-\p-k-cn¨v Ip«n Hgnª ]m{Xtam, hnZym-`ymkw AXnð hnhcw \nd-¡m-\pÅ hkvXpthm Añ. Npäp-]m-SpIfpambn {Inbm-ß-I-ambn kwh-Zn¨v Adnhv \nÀ½n-¡m³ Ign-bpó kPoh tNX-\-bmWv Ip«n. hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ e£yw tIhew sXmgnð k¼m-Z-\-a-ñ. Dð]mZ\ {]{In-b-bnð kPoh ]¦m-fn-I-fm-Im³ DX-Ipó tijn-Ifpw ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw, anI¨ kmaqlyPohnbmIm³ klm-bn-¡pó at\m-`m-h-§fpw aqey-§fpw Ip«n-bnð hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡-emWv AXnsâ BXy-´nI e£yw. 97 ð XpS-§n-sh-¨Xpw cmPyw amXr-I-bm-¡n-b-Xp-amb tIc-f-¯nse \ho\ ]mTy-²Xn ]¯v hÀj-¯n\v tijw hoïpw ]cn-jvI-cn-¡p-óXv Cu Dt±-iy-t¯m-sSbmWv. CXn\v amÀK-ZÀi-I-am-bn-cn-¡p-óXv 2005 se tZiob ]mTy-]-²Xn N«-¡q-Sm-Wv. Ct¸mÄ tIc-f-¯nse 1 apXð 12 hscbpÅ ¢mkp-I-fnse ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§fpw ]pXp-¡p-óXv Cu kao-]-\-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv. hn`nó ho£-W-§-fpÅ Hóc e£-¯n-te-sd-t]À ]s¦-Sp-¯Xpw temI-¯nse Xsó BZy-t¯-sX-óv hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-hp-ó-Xpw AXn-hn-]p-e-hp-amb Hcp P\-Iob {]{In-b-bn-eq-sS-bmWv 2007 se tIcf ]mTy-]-²Xn N«-¡qSv cq]wsImï-Xv. IcSv \nÀt±-i-§Äs¡-Xnsc DbÀóphó ]e hnaÀi-\-§fpw (DZm: kvIqÄ ka-b-am-äw, `mjm-]-T-\w) DÄs¡mïv AXnð amäw hcp-¯n-b Imcyw Fñm-hÀ¡p-a-dn-bmw. kÀÆ-k-½-X-ambn AwKo-I-cn¨ ]mTy-]-²Xn N«-¡q-Snsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§Ä X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. AXnepw Fñm hn`m-K-¡mcpw ]¦m-fn-I-fm-bn-cp-óp. ]pkvX-I-§Ä A¨Sn¨v Ip«n-I-fpsS ssII-fn-se-¯n¨v Znk-§Ä¡v tij-amWv FXnÀ¸p-IÄ XpS-§p-ó-Xv. X§-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ hnj-b-k-anXnbnepw Icn-¡pew I½n-än-bnepw AwKo-I-cn¨ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§Äs¡Xnsc (A-hÀ lmP-cm-b-Xn\pw bm{Xm-_¯ ]än-b-Xn\pw tcJ-I-fp-ïv) Ct¸mÄ sX-cphpbp²-¯n-\v Cd-§n-bn-cn-¡p-óXv hnZym-`ymk Xmð]-cy-¯m-em-sWóv kmam\y_p²n-bp-Å-hÀ¡v [cn-¡m-\m-hn-ñ. ip²m-ßm-hmb Hcp ^mZÀ Hcp Nm\ð NÀ¨-bnð k½-Xn-¨-Xp-t]mse Ignª cïv hÀj-ambn X§sf ‘t{Zmln¨’ kÀ¡m-cn-t\mSv ]I-cw-ho-«m³ CsXmcp Imc-W-am-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-óp. At±lw Xpdóv ]d-bm¯ Hcp Imcyw IqSn-bp-ïv. Cós¯ kÀ¡m-cnsâ Iognð s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-§Ä ssIh-cn¨ AXn-i-b-I-c-amb t\«s¯ hnZym-`ymk hym]m-cn-IÄ `b-s¸-Sp-óp. Fs´-¦nepw {]iv\-ap-ïm¡n Imcy-£-aXm {]hÀ¯-\-§sf A«n-a-dn-t¡ïXv Ahsc kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cn-¡p-óp. Cu {iaw Ct¸mÄ Bcw-`n-¨-Xñ. Ggmw Xc-¯nse kmaq-ly-imkv{Xw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v D-ó-bn-¡pó Hcp Bt£]w AXv aX-\n-cm-k-¯n\pw ssZh-\n-µ¡pw t{]cn-¸n-¡póp Fóm-Wv. CXv kaÀ°n-¡m³ hnaÀi-IÀ Nqïn-¡m-«pó ]mT-`m-K-§Ä a\-Ên-cp¯n hmbn-¨mð AhÀ ]d-bp-ó-Xnsâ s]mÅ-¯cw hyà-am-Ipw. hÀKob Iem-]-§fpw PmXnbp²-§fpw a\p-jysâ sskzcyPohn-X-¯n\pw cmPy-¯nsâ sFIy-¯n\pw AJ-WvU-Xbv¡pw henb `oj-Wn-bm-bn-«pÅ Hcp Ime-L-«-¯nð PmXn-þ-aX kln-jvWpX hfÀ¯m³ e£y-an-Spó ‘a\p-jyXzw hnf-bpó `qan’ Fó ]mTs¯ X\n hÀKo-b-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v am{Xta FXnÀ¡m-\m-Iq. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-¯nse Xmsg ]d-bpó D²-c-Wn-Ifpw ]c-amÀi-§fpw aX-§-fpsS amlm-ßyhpw Ahbv¡v a\p-jy-\-ò-tbm-SpÅ {]Xn-_-²-X-bp-amWv DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó-Xv. \n\¡v Aln-X-am-bXv Ft´m, AXv A\y\pw Aln-X-am-sWóv [cn-¡-Ww. \n\¡v CjvS-am-Im-¯Xv A\ys\ Gð¸n-¡-cp-Xv. CXmWv [Àa-¯nsâ kmcw alm-`m-cXw aäp-Å-hÀ \n§-tfmSv F§s\ s]cp-am-d-W-saóv \n§Ä B{K-ln-¡p-óp-thm, AXp-t]mse Ah-tcmSpw s]cp-am-dpI ss__nÄ X\n-¡p-thïn CjvS-s¸-Sp-ó-sXñmw ktlm-Z-c-\p-th-ïnbpw CjvS-s¸-SpI X\n-¡p-thïn CjvS-s¸-Sm-¯-sXñmw ktlm-Z-c-\p-th-ïnbpw CjvS-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡pI \_n-h-N\w BÀ¡pw Xnò hc-W-saóv B{K-ln-¡-cp-Xv. Bsc--¡p-dn¨pw ]cp-j-ambn kwkm-cn-¡-cp-Xv. BÀ¡pw {]hÀ¯\ hnLv\w Dïm-¡-cpXv Kpcp \m\m¡v {]ZÀi\ ]eI Fñm aX-§fpw a\p-jy-\-òsb e£y-am-¡póp; kln-jvWpXtbmsS Pohn-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-óp. hnhn[ aX-hn-`m-K-§-fnðs¸-Spó P\-§Ä Hón¨v {]hÀ¯n-¡pó A\-h[n kµÀ`-§Ä \ap¡v ImWm-\m-Ipw. A¯cw kµÀ`-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ]{X-hmÀ¯-IÄ, Ipdn-¸p-IÄ, t\m«o-kp-IÄ Fónh ¢mkv {]ZÀi-\-]-e-I-bnð tNÀ¡q. Cu ]mT-¯nse ‘aX-an-ñm¯ Poh³’ Fó ]mT-`m-K-s¯ aª-¡-®-S-bn-eqsS t\m¡p-ó-Xp-sImïv am{X-amWv AhÀ Ipg¸w ZÀin-¡p-ó-Xv. an{i-hn-hm-ln-X-\mb Hcp Aѳ Xsâ aI³ Pohs\ kvIqfnð tNÀ¡p-t¼mÄ aXhpw PmXnbpw Ct¸mÄ tNÀt¡-sïópw Ah\v thW-saóv tXmóp-t¼mÄ tNÀ¡-s« Fópw ]d-bp-ó-Xn-se-´mWv Ipg¸w? C¯cw kµÀ`-§-fnð amXm]nXm-¡fnð BcpsS aXhpw PmXn-bp-amWv tNÀt¡-ï-Xv? Bcp-sS-sb-¦nepw Hcm-fp-tSXv ASn-t¨ð¸n-¡p-ó-Xm-tWm, Añ AXn\pÅ kzmX{´yw hfcp-t¼mÄ Ip«n¡v hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-ó-XmtWm icn? \½psS `c-WL-S-\-bnse GXv aX-¯nepw hniz-kn-¡m-\pÅ kzmX{´yw Bh-iy-ap-Å-t¸m-sgms¡ kuI-cy-]qÀÆw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó-hÀ Hcp aX-¯nepw hniz-kn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw AXv A\p-h-Zn-¡p-óp-sïó Imcyw ad-¨p-]n-Sn-¡m³ X{X-s¸-Sp-ó-sX-´n\v? s\lvdp IpSpw-_-¯nsâ al-¯mb ]mc-¼cy¯nð A`n-am-\n-¡p-Ibpw AkvXnXzw tXSp-Ibpw sN¿pó Hcp {]Øm-\-¯nsâ tIc-f-¯nse t\Xm-¡Ä AXnð {]Y-a-Øm-\o-b-\mb Ph-lÀemð s\lvdp-hnsâ atX-X-c-h-N-\-§Ä Ip«n-IÄ Adn-bp-ó-Xns\ FXnÀ¡p-óXv icn-bmtWm? PohnX ]¦m-fnsb sXc-ª-Sp-¡p-ó-Xnð Cµn-cbpw cmPohpw ImWn¨ Xtâ-S-apÅ amXr-I-IÄ kmap-Zm-bnI {]oW-\-¯n\v thïn AhÀ XÅn-¸-d-bp-I-bmtWm? an{i-hn-hm-ls¯ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-ó-Xn\v X§-fpsS `c-W-Im-e¯pw B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ðIn-bn-«p-Å-h-cpsS Ct¸m-gs¯ \ne-]mSvamä-¯n\v Imc-W-sa-´mWv? kzmX{´yka-c-¯nse A{]-[m\ kw`-h-§Ä¡pw hyàn-IÄ¡pw {]m[m\yw \ðIp-Ibpw C´y³ \mjWð tIm¬{K-knsâ t\Xm-¡-sfbpw AXv t\XrXzw \ðInb ka-c-§-sfbpw Ah-K-Wn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-óm-Wtñm asämcp Bt£-]w. Ncn{X ]T-\-¯nð {]mtZ-inI DÅ-S-¡-¯n\v {]m[m\yw \ðI-W-sa-óXv Fð Un F^v kÀ¡m-cnsâ Xocp-am-\-a-ñ. tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm-hmb AÀÖp³knwKv t\XrXzw \ðIpó tI{µ-am-\hhn`-h-tijn hIp¸v a{´m-ebw \nb-{´n-¡pó tZiob hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW kanXn (NCERT) X¿m-dm-¡nb ]mTy-]-²Xn N«-¡q-Snse \nÀt±-i-am-Wv. Alnwkm ka-c-§Ä, hn¹h ka-c-§Ä, IÀj-Iþ-sXm-gn-emfn ka-c-§Ä, kmaqly ]cn-jvI-cW t]mcm-«-§Ä XpS§n hyXykvX [mc-IÄ tZiob kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-¯nð DÄt¨Àóncp-óp-sh-óXv A\n-tj-[y-amb Hcp Ncn{X hkvXp-X-btñ? X§-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nð \Só ka-c-§Ä am{Xta Ncn{X ]pkvX-I-§-fnð CSw-]n-Sn-¡mhq Fó tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm-¡-fpsS \nÀ_Ô_p²n icn-bmtWm? ‘\mw aptóm-«v’, ‘a®ns\ s]móm-¡m³’ Fóo ]mT-`m-K-§-fnð {]Xn-]m-Zn¨ Iznän´ymkacw, D¸p-k-Xym-{K-lw, ssh¡w kXym-{K-lw, Kpcp-hm-bqÀ kXym-{Klw XpS-§n-b-h-sbmópw tIm¬{Kkv t\Xr-Xz-¯nð \Só ka-c-§-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡n-sñ-ómtWm? kzmX{´y ka-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v apgp-h-\mbn Ip«n Ggmw ¢mknð Xsó ]Tn-¡-W-saó Bhiyw ip² -hn-h-c-t¡-Stñ? tZio-b-{]-Øm-\-¯nð tIm¬{K-knsâ {]k-ànbpw {]m[m-\yhpw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨ Xmsg-tNÀ¯ ]mT`m-K-§Ä hmbn-¨p-t\m-¡n-bn-cp-óp-sh-¦nð C§s\-sbmcp sXän-²m-c-W- D-ïm-hp-am-bn-cp-ón-ñ. sNdnb kwL-§-fmbn Xncnªv sN¿pó ka-c-§ÄsImïv kzmX{´yw t\Sm³ Ign-bn-ñ Fó Xncn-¨-dn-hnð \nómWv tZio-b-X-e-¯nð Hcp ka-c-{]-Øm\w Dïm-¡pI Fó Bi-b-¯n-te¡v F¯n-t¨Àó-Xv. A§s\ 1885 Unkw-_À 28 \v C´y³ \mj-Wð tIm¬{Kkv Fó kwL-S\ cq]w-sIm-ïp. Cu kwL-S-\-bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-¯n\v F H lyqw Fó Cw¥o-jp-Im-c-\mWv t\XrXzw sImSp-¯-Xv. C´y³ kzmX{´y ka-c-¯n\v ]pXnb apJw \ðIm³ Cu {]Øm-\-¯n\v Ign-ªp. Iznäv C´ym..... (C´y hnSp-I) "C\n Ah-km\ ka-c-¯nsâ \mfp-I-fm-Wv. t]mcm-«-¯n\v thKw Iq«-Ww" Fó KmÔn-Pn-bpsS Blzm\w ka-c-`-S-òm-cnð Bth-i-ap-bÀ¯n. \msS§pw ka-c-¯nsâ Ae-I-fp-bÀóp. Ip«n-Ifpw bph-Xo-bp-hm-¡fpw {]mb-am-b-hcpw ssI sabv adóv {_n«-s\-Xnsc ap{Zm-hmIyw apg¡n sXcp-hp-IÄtXmdpw {]I-S\w \S¯n. ‘{]hÀ¯n-¡pI Asñ-¦nð acn¡pI’ Fó alm-ßm-Km-Ôn-bpsS Blzm\w P\-§Ä A£-cw-{]Xn \S-¸n-em-¡p-I-bm-bn-cpóp. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fnð I½yp-Wnkw Ip¯n-\n-d-¨n-cn-¡p-óp-shó Btcm-]Ww \«mð s]m-Sn-¡m¯ \pW-bm-Wv. I½ypWn-k-s¯-tbm, I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n {]hÀ¯-\-§-sftbm al-Xzhð¡-cn-¡pó Hä-hmIyw t]mepw Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nð Nqïn-¡m-Wn-¡m-\m-hn-ñ. kXy-¯nð X§sf Ah-K-Wn-¨p-shó Bt£]w Dïmthïn-bn-cp-óXv Ah-cpsS `mK¯v \nóm-Wv. ImcWw I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n-bn-ñm¯ Hcp tIcf Ncn-{X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Nn´n-¡m³ t]mep-am-hn-ñ. khÀW ta[m-hn-Xz-¯n-sâbpw Pòn-Xz-¯n-sâbpw \pI-¯n³ Io-gnð A[x-Øn-Xcpw IÀj-Icpw A\p-`-hn-¨n-cpó Zpcn-X-§Ä hyà-am-¡p-ó-Xn-\mWv G sI Pn bpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-bnð \nóv Hcp sNdp-`mKw FSp¯p tNÀ¯n-«p-Å-Xv. AXnð At±-l-s¯-¡p-dn-t¨m- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- ]mÀ-«n-sb-¡p-dn-t¨m- H-cp- ]-cm-aÀ-i-hp-an-ñ.- P-òn-hm-gv-N-¡v- F-Xn-cm-b- IÀ-j-I-t]m-cm-«-s¯-bpw- ]q-gv-¯n-sh-¸pw- I-cn-ô-´-bpw- \-S-¯n-s¡m-ïn-cp-ó- P-òn-am-cp-sS- ]-¯m-b-§-fpw- A-d-I-fpw- Ip-¯n-¯p-d-óv- ]-«n-Wn-¸m-h-§Ä-¡v- s\-ñv- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-bv-X-Xn-s\-bpw- C-ópw- I-½yq-Wn-Ìv- A-Xn-{I-a-§-fm-bn- Im-Wp-ó- hn-I-e-a-\-kp-I-tfm-Sv- F-´p ]-d-bm-\m-Wv-?- A-óv- \n-e-\n-ón-cp-ó- km-aq-ly- Zp-c-h-Ø- h-c-¨v- Im-«p-ó-Xn-\v- D-²-cn-¡-s¸-«- sI- am-[-h-³ \m-bÀ,- tZ-h-In- \n-e-b-t§m-Sv- F-ón-h-cpw- I-½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cm-bn-cp-tóm-?- [o-c- tk-\m-\n- ]oÀ-ap-l-½-Zv- Xq-¡n-te-ä-s¸-«- H-ómw- kzm-X-{´y-k-a-c-hpw,- am-¸n-f- e-l-f-sb-óv- B-t£-]n-¡-s¸-«- a-e-_mÀ- kzm-X-{´y-k-a-c-hpw- A-Xnð- ]-s¦-Sp-¯-h-sc- Iq-«-s¡m-e- sN-bv-X- hm-K-¬- {Sm-P-Un-bp-sam-s¡- I-½yp-Wn-Ìp-Im-cp-sS- I-W-¡n-em-tWm- \n-§Ä- F-gp-Xn-t¨À-¡p-ó-Xv-?- ka-c-¡m-tcmSv Ah-km-\-ambn cïv hm¡v. kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]ptcm-K-a\ hnZym-`ymk\b-§-tfmSv FXnÀ¸p-sï-¦nð AXv Xpdóv ]dªv kÀ¡m-cn-s\-Xn-cmbn P\-§sf AWn-\nc-¯m\pÅ BÀÖhw \n§Ä ImWn-¡Ww . AXn\v Bsf In«m-¯-Xn-\mð aX-¯n-sâbpw ssZh-¯n-sâbpw t]cp-]-dªv hnizm-kn-Isf Cf-¡n-hn«v hÀKob apXse-Sp¸v \S-¯m³ {ian-¡p-óXv Xos¡m-Ån-sImïv Xe-sNm-dnbem-Wv. hnZymÀ°n-I-sfbpw A[ym-]-I-scbpw t]meo-kn-s\bpw B{I-an-¡p-óXpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I§Ä I¯n-¡p-óXpw (A-Xnð `qcn-`m-Khpw hnip² Jpdm³ hN-\-§Ä AS-§nb Ad-_nIv ]pkvX-I-§-fm-bn-cp-óp) s]mXp-ap-Xð \in-¸n-¡p-óXpw KmÔn-b³ ka-c-co-Xn-bmtWm? I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ImÀ KmÔn-Pnsb Ah-KWn-¨p-shóv Bt£-]n-¡pó \n§-sf-¦nepw At±-ls¯ BZ-cn-¡tï? AXn\pth-ïn-sb-¦nepw At±-l-¯nsâ kXy-k-Ô-Xbpw Alnwkm{h-Xhpw \n§Ä ]n´p-S-cptam? chintha ]mT]pkvXIw I¯n¡epw A[ym]Isc B{Ian¡epw  sXmgnem¡nb {Inan\ð kwLw \mcmbW³ sN½etÈcn GsX¦n-epw- Hcp- hn-`m-Kw- Po-h\¡mÀ-t¡m- P\§Ä-t¡m- Fs´¦n-epw- {]iv-\§tfm- Bhiy-§tfm- Dïm-Ip-t¼mÄ- AXn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- AhÀ- A[n-Ir-XÀ-¡v- \n-thZ\w- \ð-Ipw-; ]{X§fn-eq-sS {]Nm-cWw- \ð-Ipw-; A[n-Ir-Xcp-am-bn- NÀ-¨\S¯pw-; P\§Ä-¡n-Sbnð- {]Nm-cWw- \S¯pw.- Kh¬-sa³-dv- Ahcp-sS Bhiy-§Ä- A\p-hZn-¡m³- X¿m-dn-sñ¦nð,- kacw Bhiy-am-bn- hómð- _\v-[s¸«hÀ-¡v- kact\m-«o-kv- \ð-Ipw.- A§s\ F{Xtbm- \S]Sn-{Ia§Ä- Ign-ªm-Wv- {]Xy-£ kac¯n-te¡v- \o-§p-I.- {]Xy-£kacw-Xsó Gsd \o-ïp-t]m-hp-Ibpw- P\§fp-sS A\p-`m-hw- e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw- A[n-Ir-XÀ- bm-sXm-cp- hn-«p-ho-gv-Nbv-¡pw- X¿m-dm-hm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-t¼m-gm-Wv- kacw- DuÀ-Pn-Xam-Ip-óXpw- Nn-ñd kw-LÀ-j§fp-ïm-Ip-óXpw.- At¸m-gpw- kac¯n-s³-d an-\n-aw- A¨S¡w- ]m-en-¡m³- kw-Lm-SIÀ- {]tXy-Iw- {i²n-¡m-dp-ïv.- AhÀ-¡v- P\§fp-sS ]n³-Xp-Wbpw- A\p-`m-hhpw- e`n-¡Watñm.- kac¯n-s³-d hn-Pbw- {][m-\am-bpw- AXn-s\bm-Wtñm- B{ibn-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv.- Fómð- C¯cw- \S]Sn-{Ia§sfm-ópw- ]m-en-¡m-sXbm-Wv- Pq-¬- 17\v- s]s«óv- sIFkv-bp- {]Xy-£ kaccw-K¯v- FSp-¯p-Nm-Sn-bXv.- F´m-Wv- X§fp-sS Bhiy-§Ä- Fóv- AhÀ- AXn-\p-ap-¼v- Fhn-sSshs¨¦n-epw- ]dªXm-bn- tI«n-«n-ñ; Kh¬-sa³-dn-\v- \n-thZ\w- sIm-Sp-¯Xm-bn- ]{X§fn-sem-ópw- Iïn-ñ; X§fp-sS Bhiy-§Ä- P\§sf Adn-bn-¡p-óXn-\m-bn- {]Nm-cW§fpw- \S¯n-bn-«n-ñ.- kac¯n-te¡v- FSp-¯p-Nm-Sp-t¼mÄ- AhÀ- kq-Nn-¸n-¨Xv,- kzm-{ib s{]m-^jWð- tIm-tfPp-Ifn-se sacn-äv-ko-än-se ^o-kv-\n-c¡v,- kÀ-¡mÀ- ^o-kv- \n-c¡n-\v- Xp-ey-am-¡Ww- Fóm-bn-cp-óp.- Fómð- Hómw- Zn-hk¯nð-Xsó B Bhiyw- AhÀ-t]m-epw- adóp-t]m-bn.- ]n-só ]m-T]p-kv-XI¯n-se ""Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- Bib§Ä- ''Hgn-hm-¡Ww- Fóm-bn.- ]m-T]p-kv-XI¯n-se aX\n-µbpw- aX\n-tj[hpw- Hgn-hm-¡Ww- Fóm-bn- ASp-¯ Bhiyw.- Cu- Bhiyw- Hscm-äbSn-¡v,- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- d±m-¡Wsaó L«¯n-te¡v- F¯n.- GXp- ¢m-kn-se ]m-T]p-kv-XIw,- GXp- hn-jbw,- GXp- ]m-T`m-Kw- Fsóm-ópw- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-It]m-epw- sN¿m-sXbp-Å kacw,""]m-T]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¡pw-hsc kacw''- Fó Hscm-ä APïbn-te¡v- Np-cp-§n.- \m-SI¯nð,- Xn-cÈo-ebv-¡p-]n-ónð-\n-óv- t{]mw-]v-Sv- sN¿p-ó kw-hn-[m-bIs³-d \nÀ-t±i§Ä-¡\p-kcn-¨v- kv-täPnð- Nen-¡p-ó \n-kv-tXPcm-b A`n-t\Xm-¡sft¸m-se,- AhÀ- aämÀ-t¡m- thïn- Np-Sp-tNmdv- am-´m³- Ac§nð- XpÅn-¨m-Sn.- AtX. Np-Sp-tNm-dp-am-´n,- ssIs]m-Ån,- Ac§nð- Agn-ªm-Sn.- bm-sXm-cp- t\m-«o-kpw- \ð-Im-sX s]m-Sp-ós\ Hcp- Zn-hkw- Bcw-`n-¨ kacw- Hómw-Zn-hkw-Xsó A{Iam-kIv-Xam-hpIbm-bn-cp-óp.- kac¯n-\v- Dóbn-¨ Bhiy-¯nð- Hcp- bp-Iv-Xn-bpw- Hcp- {]kIv-Xn-bpw- Cñm-¯ Ahkv-Ybn-em-Wv AXv- A{Ia¯n-te¡v- Xn-cn-bp-óXv.- Hómw-Zn-hkw-Xsó B{IaW¯n-s³-d amÀ-Kahew-_n-¨ \½p-sS Km-\v-[n-in-jy-òmÀ- ]n-óo-Sv- kz-´w- Kp-cp-\m-Yòm-sct¸m-epw- aÀ-±n-¡m-\pw- Ahtlfn-¡m-\pw- B{Ian-¡m-\pw- aSn-Im-Wn-¨n-ñ.- A[ym-]n-Iam-cp-sS ¢kv-äÀ- tbm-Kw- Iq-Sn-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- AI¯p- Nm-Sn-¡bdn- A{Iaw- Im-Wn-¨hÀ- GXv- ""kòmÀ-K]m-Tm-hen''-bnð- \n-óm-Wv- AXn-\p-Å kw-kv-Im-cw- DÄ-s¡m-ïsXóv,- Ahsc AXn-\v- t{]cn-¸n-¨ BXv-ao-b t\Xm-¡òmÀ- shfn-s¸Sp-t¯ïXm-Wv.- kacw-sN¿p-ó ""hn-ZymÀ-Yn-I''-fp-sS Gähpw- ISp-¯ ^m-kn-kv-äv- ap-Jw- Zr-iy-am-bXv- Pq¬- 24\v- ae¸p-d¯m-Wv.- kacw- sN¿p-ó Hcm-fpw- kz-´w- ]Wn-bm-bp-[w- I¯n-¨pw- \in-¸n-¨pw- kacw- sN¿p-Ibn-ñ.- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-IÄ- FóhIm-is¸Sp-ó Hcp- kw-Lw- du-Un-IÄ- e£¡W¡n-\v- cq-] hn-ehcp-ó ]m-T]p-kv-XI§fm-Wv- tdm-Un-en-«v- I¯n-¨Xv-; Nhn-«n-bc¨Xv.- AhÀ- Fw-Fkv-F^nð-s]« Ip-«n-Ifm-Ws{X.- ]p-kv-XIw-Xp-dóp- t\m-¡m-sX kacw- sN¿p-ó sIFkv-bp-¡mÀ-¡v- Iq-«n-\v- ]än-bXv- ]p-kv-XIw- I¯n-¡p-ó FwFkv-F^p-ImÀ- Xsó.- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- I¯n-¡p-ó Bfn-s\ asä´p-hn-fn-¨m-epw,- hn-ZymÀ-Yn- Fóp- hn-fn-¡m³- AbmÄ- AÀ-l\ñ.- C{X hen-b Im-S¯w, C{X hen-b ss]im-Nn-IXzw,- A£chn-tcm-[w,- tIcf¯nð- kw-`hn-¨Xnð,- ePv-Pn-¡m³-t]m-epw- Ign-hn-ñm-sX \nð-¡p-Ibm-Wv Ip-«n-Isf AXn-\v- ]dªp-hn-« eo-Kv- t\Xr-Xzw.- AhÀ- sIm-«n-tLm-jn-¡p-ó aX]T\¯n-epw- aXm-[n-jv-Tn-X aq-ey-§fn-epw- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- I¯n-¨p-Ifbem-tWm- Hómw- ]m-Tw?- ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Z¯n-s³-d t]cnð- BZy-ta kac¯n-\n-d§n-b sIFkv-bp-¡m-cp-sS ^m-kn-kv-äv- A{Ia kz-`m-hw- Hómw-Zn-hkw- sXm-«p-Xsó shfn-s¸«p-shóv- ]dªtñm.- Hómw-Zn-hkw- kac¯n-s³-d \n-ba§sfñmw- ew-Ln-¨v,- sk{It«dn-bän-s³-d then- Nm-Sn-¡Sóv- A{Iaw- Im-Wn-¨hsc \ym-bo-Icn-¡m³- bp-Un-F^n-s\ A\p-Iq-en-¡p-óhÀ-¡p-t]m-epw- Ign-bp-ón-ñ.- Fð-Un-F^n-s\ kv-Yn-cam-bn- FXnÀ-¯p-hcp-ó tIcfIu-ap-Zn-]{Xw- Pq¬- 19\v- ""t\Xm-¡òmÀ- then-Nm-Scp-Xv-'' Fó ioÀ-jI¯nð- Fgp-Xn-b \n-in-Xam-b ap-J{]kw-Kw- AXn-\v- sXfn-hm-Wv.- ""s]m-eo-kn-s³-d I¿nð-\n-óv- ASn-hm-§n-s¡«n-tb AS§q- Fó hm-in-bnð''- A{Iaw- Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- aäm-cpw- Ctóhsc sN¿m-¯ ""aXnð-Nm-«w''- \S¯n-b sIFkv-bp- t\Xm-hn-s\ Xo-£v-Wam-bn- hn-aÀ-in-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-ó B ]{Xw,- Aóp-ïm-b A\n-jv-S kw-`h§Ä-s¡ñmw- D¯chm-Zn-IÄ- kac¡mÀ-Xsóbm-sWóv- kaÀ-Yn-¡p-óp.- A{Ia§Ä- Im-Wn-¨Xv- Bscóp- t]scSp-¯p-]dbm-sX ""A{Ia§fp-sS \m-Sm-Ip-ó tIcfw''- Fó ap-J{]kw-Kw- (Pq¬- 20)- Fgp-Xn-b am-Xr-`q-an-bpw- sIFkv-bp-¡mÀ- Xsóbm-Wv- Ip-ä¡mÀ- Fóv- Nq-ïn-¡m-Wn-¡p-óp.- kao-]Im-e¯p-ïm-b kac§Ä- A{Iam-kIv-Xam-Ip-óXn-s\¸än-bm-WhÀ- Fgp-Xp-óXv.- kao-]Im-e¯v- bq-¯p-tIm¬-{Kkv- þ sIFkv-bp- {]`r-Xn-Ifñm-sX aäm-cpw- kaccw-K¯n-d§n-bn-«n-ñtñm.- _lp-P\§fp-sS ]n³-Xp-Wbpw- A\p-`m-hhpw- In-«m-sX hcp-t¼m-gm-Wv- ]et¸m-gpw- kac§Ä- A{Iam-kIv-Xam-bn-¯o-cp-óXv.- kacw- Bcw-`n-¨v,- Ip-sd Ign-tª A§s\ Hcp- L«w- kw-Pm-Xam-Im-dp-Åp.- Fómð- sIFkv-bp-¡m-cp-sS kacw- Hómw-Zn-hk¯nð-¯só A{Iam-kIv-Xam-bn-¯o-cp-Ibm-Wp-ïm-bXv.- tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv- Un-Un-C Hm-^o-kn-te¡v- amÀ-¨v- \S¯n-b sIFkv-bp-¡mÀ- s]m-eo-kv- Hm-^o-kdp-sS Xe Isñdn-ªv- s]m-fn-¨Xn-s³-d ]Sw- Pq¬- 19s³-d ]{X§fnð-- hón-cp-óp.- ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Z¯n-s³-d t]cn-ep-Å kacañ,- adn-¨v- kÀ-¡mÀ- hn-cp-²kacam-Wv- Ahcp-sS APïbn-ep-ÅXv- Fóv- shfn-s¸Sp-¯p-óXm-Wv- A{Ia§Ä.- {Sm³-kv-t]mÀ-«v- _kp-IÄ-¡p-t\scbpw- kÀ-¡mÀ- hm-l\§Ä-¡p-t\scbpw- A{Ia§Ä- \S¯n-b sIFkv-bp-¡m-cp-sS kac¯n-\v- Du-¡p-t]m-scóp-Iïv- ]n-täZn-hkw-Xsó,- AhÀ-¡v- ]n³-Xp-W\ð-Im³- bq-¯p-tIm¬-{Kkp-Im-cpw- aq-¯ tIm¬-{Kkp-Im-cpw- ]n-dsI,- bp-Un-F^p-Im-cpw- cw-K¯n-d§n.- Bkq-{Xn-Xam-bn- X¿m-dm-¡n-b Hcp- \m-SIw-t]m-se A{Iaw- Ac§p-XIÀ-¯p.- Be¸p-gbnð- IfIv-Stdän-te¡v- amÀ-¨v-\S¯n-b bq-¯p-tIm¬-{Kkp-ImÀ,- _m-cn-t¡Uv- ew-Ln-¨v- s]m-eo-kn-\p-t\sc sNcn-s¸Sp-¯Sn-¡m³- ap-Xn-cp-ó Hcp- ]Sw- Pq¬- 24s³-d tIcfIu-ap-Znbnð-- Im-Wp-Ibp-ïm-bn.- tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-dbpw- bq-¯p-tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-dbpw- kw-kv-Im-c¯n-s³-d A´xk¯ ap-gp-h\pw- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-ó ]Sam-WXv.- Ggmw-¢m-kn-se km-aq-ly- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- ]¯p-sIm-ñw- ]Tn-¨m-epw,- X§Ä-¡v- al¯m-b km-aq-ly-t_m-[w- Dïm-hp-Ibn-ñ Fóv- AhÀ- kz-bw- hn-fn-¨p-]dbp-ó cw-Kam-WXv.- Xr-iq-cnð- {]IS\¡mÀ- sIm-Sn-sI«m³- hSn-bm-bn- D]tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-óXv- Ccp-¼p-ZWv-Um-Wv- Fóv- am-Xr-`q-an-Xsó ]dbp-óp.- {]IS\¯n-se Hcp- ]¿³- sIm-Sn-sI«n-b Ccp-¼p-hSn-sIm-ïv- s]m-eo-kn-s\ ]n-ónð-\n-óv- ASn-¨v- ]cn-t¡ð-]n-¨p-shópw- Ah³-- Hm-Sn-t¸m-bn- _knð-Ibdn- c£s¸Sm³- {ian-¨p-shópw- Ahs\ s]m-eo-kv- Xn-cªp-]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-sbópw- ]{X§Ä- {]kv-Xm-hn-¡p-óp-ïv.- Ahs\bpw- Ahs³-d ]Sw- Sn-hn-bnð- Iï ho-«p-Im-scbpw- ap³-\nÀ-¯n- IYIÄ- cNn-¡m³- Nn-e ]{X§Ä- {ian-¨p-sh¦n-epw,- sIFkv-bp-hn-s³-d A{Iakz-`m-hw- CXnð-\n-óv- hy-Iv-Xam-hp-óp-ïv.- kac¡mÀ- s]m-eo-kn\p-t\scbpw- bm-{X¡mÀ-¡p-t\scbpw- Isñdn-bp-óXn-s³-dbpw- A{Ia§Ä- Im-Wn-¡p-óXn-s³-dbpw- ISIfpw- Hm-^o-kp-Ifpw- XIÀ-¡p-óXn-s³-dbpw- aäpw- Zr-iy-§Ä- \mw- \n-tXy-\ Iïp-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp.- Hcp- ]m-T ]p-kv-XI¯n-se GsX¦n-epw- Hcp- ]m-T¯n-s\Xn-cm-b kacañ CsXópw- Fð-Un-F^v- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\Xn-cm-b Bkq-{Xn-Xam-b cm-jv-{So-b kac¯n-s³-d Xp-S¡am-Wn-sXópw- kw-`h§Ä- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-óp-ïv.- AXn-\v- bp-Un-F^n-\v- t{]m-Xv-km-l\w- \ð-Ip-óXm-Is«,- bp-Un-F^n-s³-d a\xkm-£n- kq-£n-¸p-Im-cm-b Nn-e aX ]p-tcm-ln-Xòm-cpw.- Fð-Un-F^v- Kh¬-saâv- A[n-Im-ctaä \mÄ-ap-Xð- AXn-s\Xn-cm-bn- Hósñ¦nð- asäm-cp- Im-cWw-]dªv- bp-²{]Jym-]\w- \S¯n-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv- Np-cp-¡w- Nn-e aX ]p-tcm-ln-XòmÀ.- kzm-{ib I¨hS¯n-s³-dt]cnð, GIPm-eI kw-hn-[m-\¯n-s³-d t]cnð,- A´y-Iq-Zm-ibp-sSt]cnð.....- A§s\ Im-cW§Ä- Isï¯n-¸n-Sn-¨v- hn-tam-N\kac¯n-\v- Cd§m³- {ian-¡p-óhÀ,- X§sfm-cp- P\m-[n-]Xy-cm-Py-¯n-em-Wv- Po-hn-¡p-ósXó {]m-Yan-I bm-YmÀ-Yyw- HmÀ-¡p-ótXbn-ñ.- P\m-[n-]Xy-]cam-bn- sXcsªSp-¡s¸« kÀ-¡mÀ- Dïm-¡p-ó \n-ba§tfm-- N«§tfm- hy-hkv-YItfm- Hópw- X§Ä-¡v- _m-[Iasñópw- X§Ä- A\p-kcn-¡p-Ibn-sñópw- iTn-¨p-sIm-ïv- Hcp- kam-´c kÀ-¡mcn-s\t¸m-se s]cp-am-dm³- {ian-¡p-óhÀ- a[y-bp-K¯n-s³-d Ccp-ï CS\m-gn-Ifn-em-Wv- Ct¸m-gpw- Po-hn-¡p-óXv.- aX¯n-s³-d t]cpw-]dªv- I¨hSw- \S¯p-ó ssjtem-¡p-amÀ-¡v, aX\n-ct]£ XXz-§Ä- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-óhÀ- i{Xp-¡fm--Ip-óXv- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-Wv.- ktlm-Zcòm-sc sNcn-¸p-sIm-ïv- Xñp-óhcpw- s]m-eo-kn-s\ Ccp-¼p-hSn-sIm-ïSn-¡p-óhcpw- A[ym-]n-Iam-tc-bpw- A-[ym-]-I-tc-bpw- B-{I-an-¡p-ó-h-cpw- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-Iw- Np-«p-I-cn-¡p-ó-h-cpw- th-en-Nm-Sn-¡-S-óv- A-{I-aw- Im-Wn-¡p-ó-h-cpw- A-h-cp-sS- ap-ónð- k-òmÀ-Kn-I-fm-Wv-;- a-X- X-Xz-§Ä- ]m-en-¡p-ó-h-cm-Wv-!- a-dn-¨v- C-´y-³ `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- A-´-:-k-¯-bm-b- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-eyw- D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó-hÀ,- A-h-cp-sS- I-®nð- a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-fpw- "-"-a-X-\n-cm-k-¡m-'-'-cpw- B-bn-¯o-cp-óp.- Cu- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-ey-§Ä- `-c-W-L-S-\-bnð- D-Å-Xp-sIm-ïm-Wv, A-Xv- D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó- C-S-Xp-]-£w- C-hn-sS- D-Å-Xp-sIm-ïm-Wv,- X-§Ä-¡n-hn-sS- im-´-am-bpw- sskz-c-am-bpw- Po-hn-¡m-³ I-gn-bp-ó-sX-ó- bm-YmÀ-Yyw- A-hÀ- hn-kv-a-cn-¡p-óp.- A-h-Im-i-§Ä- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-ó- cm-jv-{S-t¯m-Spw- k-aq-l-t¯m-Spw- Xn-cn-¨v,- I-S-a-bpw- I-S-¸m-Spw- D-sï-ó- bm-YmÀ-Yyw- A-hÀ- hn-kv-a-cn-¡p-óp.- Xn-c-Èo-e-bv-¡p- ]n-d-In-en-cp-óv- k-a-c-¡m-sc- t{]mw-]v-Sv- sN-¿p-ó-hÀ,- X-§Ä-¡v- A-Xn-\p-Å- kzm-X-{´yw- e-`n-¨-Xv- Cu- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-ey-§Ä- D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó- k-aq-l-¯n-s³d- \-ò-sIm-ïm-sW-ó- Im-cyw- hn-kv-a-cn-¡p-óp.- a-Xm-\p-Iq-e-am-b,- a-Xm-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- H-cp- cm-jv-{S-¯nð- C-§-s\-sbm-cp- kzm-X-{´yw,- A-hÀ-¡v- Nn-´n-¡m-³ I-gn-bp-tam-?- F-´n-\v,- Xo-¡-fn-bnð- A-h-cp-sS- Iq-«p-Im-cm-hm-³ {i-an-¡p-ó- kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-\v- ta-[m-hn-Xz-ap-Å- Nn-e- D-¯-tc-´y-³ kw-kv-Ym-\-§-fnð- F-´m-Wv- \-S-¡p-ó-sX-óv- A-hÀ- HmÀ-¡p-óp-tïm-?- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-ey-§Ä- D-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-§-sf-ñmw- Np-«p-I-cn-¡p-ó- Ip-«n-I-fpw- A-h-sc- A-Xn-\v- t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-ó- h-en-b- eo-Kp-Im-cpw- Kp-P-dm-¯nð- F-´m-Wv- D-ïm-b-sX-óv- HmÀ-¡p-I.- Kp-P-dm-¯v,- bp- ]n,- H-do-k,- a-lm-cm-jv-{S- ......- A-sXm-s¡- H-ó-\p-kv-a-cn-¨mð,- kw-c-£n-t¡-ï-Xv- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-ey-§-sf-bm-tWm- a-X-aq-ey-§-sf-bm-tWm- F-óv- t_m-[y-s¸-Spw.- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-§-fn-eq-sS- Ip-«n-I-sf- ]-Tn-¸n-t¡-ï-Xv- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- aq-ey-§-fm-tWm,- A-tXm- a-X- aq-ey-§-fm-tWm- F-óv- t_m-[y-s¸-Spw.- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-§Ä- I-¯n-¡p-ó-Xpw- A-[ym-]-I-sc- B-{I-an-¡p-ó-Xpw- k-tlm-Z-c-§-sf- sN-cn-¸p-sIm-ï-Sn-¡p-ó-Xpw sX-ä-tñ-?- k-òmÀ-K-hn-cp-²-a-tñ-?- Xð-¡m-e-cm-jv-{So-b- em-`-¯n-\p-th-ïn- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-§Ä- Xo-bn-Sp-ó-hÀ- X-§Ä- kz-´w- ho-Sn-\p-X-só-bm-Wv- Xo-sh-bv-¡p-ó-sX-óv- HmÀ-¯n-cn-¡-Ww.- Xo-bnð- hn-tZz-jw-am-{X-ta- hn-f-bp-I-bp-Åp-;- hn-th-Iw- hn-f-bp-I-bn-ñ.- A-Xv- hn-th-I-ap-Å-h-cp-sS- h-gn-b-ñ.- CHINTHA ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Z¯nð- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-² alm-kJyw- sI F thWp-tKm-]m-e³- cïp- aX§fnð-s]« ANv-O\½amÀ-¡v- P\n-¨ aI³- Ahs³-d aXw- GsXóv- Ah\v- {]m-b]qÀ-¯n-bm-hp-t¼mÄ- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡s« Fóp- ]dªmð- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bpw- AXn-emÀ-¡pw- t£m-`w- htcï Im-cy-an-ñ.- Fómð- AXv- aXhn-cp-²am-sWóv- tIcf¯nð- BZyw- {]Jym-]n-¨Xv- sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâv-- ctaiv- sNón-¯ebm-Wv.- Xp-SÀ-óv- sIFkv-bp-hpw- bq-¯v- tIm¬-{Kkpw- AXv- GsäSp-¯p.- AhÀ-¡p- ]n-dsIbm-Wv Nn-e CÉm-an-I kw-LS\Ifpw- ss{Ikv-Xh kw-LS\Ifpw- Ahkm-\w- F³-Fkv-Fkp-sam-s¡ cw-K¯p-hcp-óXv.- ]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-t¨ NÀ-¨bp-Åq- Fóm-Wn-t¸mÄ- sNón-¯ebp-sS \n-e]m-Sv.- ]p-kv-XIw- ]n³-hen-¨mð- ]n-só NÀ-¨ sN¿m³- _m-¡n-sbm-óp-an-ñ Fó Im-cyw- Chcm-cpw- HmÀ-¯p-Im-Wn-ñ.- ]p-kv-XI¯n-se asäm-cp- hn-hm-Z {]iv-\w- tIcf Ncn-{X¯n-se Nn-e kw-`h§fm-Wv.- AsXm-ópw- icn-bsñóv- CXp-hsc FXnÀ-¸p-Im-cm-cpw- ]dªp-tI«n-«n-ñ.- Fómð- B kw-`h§Ä-s¡m-s¡ Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-Im-cp-am-bn- _\v-[ap-ïv- FóXm-Wv- {]iv-\w.- tIcfs¯¡p-dn-¨v- ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÄ- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- ]mÀ-«n-bp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸«sXm-ópw- ]Tn-¡p-hm³- ]m-Sn-ñ Fóv- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨mð- Gähpw- Np-cp-§n-bXv- 1940\v- tijap-Å tIcf Ncn-{Xw- Hgn-hm-t¡ïXm-bn- hcpw.- A§s\ Ncn-{Xw- ]Tn-¡m³- Ign-bp-tam?- AXp-sIm-ïm-Wv- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨ Icn-¡pew- I½n-än-bn-se eo-Kv- þ tIm¬-{Kkv- {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ-¡v- hn-tbm-Pn-¸n-ñm-Xn-cp-óXv.- Fón-«pw- tIcf¯nð- tIm¬-{Kkn-\v- F´n\m-Wo- FXnÀ-¸v?- FXnÀ-¸n-\v- {][m-\am-bpw- Im-cW§Ä- cïp-ïv.- Hóm-as¯ Im-cyw- tem-Iv-k`m- sXcsªSp-¸p-hcm-dm-bn- FóXp- Xsó.- cïm-as¯ Im-cyw- sFIy-P\m-[n-]Xy-ap-óWn-bn-se ]Se¸n-W¡am-Wv.- Fómð- ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Zw- sIm-ïv- BXy-´n-I t\«amÀ-¡v?- aXhn-izm-kn-bñm-¯ Hcm-fpw- tIcf¯nð- Dïm-bn-¡q-Sm-; aXw- Pòw- sIm-ïv- \n-iv-Nbn-¡Ww- Fó ktµiam-Wv- Cu- kac¯n-eq-sS tIcf P\Xbv-¡v- ]IÀ-óp- \ð-In-bXv.- tIcf¯ns³d \thm-Xv-Ym-\ ]m-c¼cyw,- kzm-X{´y-kacIm-e¯v- tIm¬-{Kkv- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨ aX\n-ct]£X,- hÀ-¤kac§fn-eq-sS tIcf¯nð- DbÀ-óp-hó am-\ho-b sFIyw- CXn-s\m-s¡ FXn-cm-b ktµiam-WXv.- CtX ktµiam-Wv- _n-sP]n-bpw- {]Ncn-¸n-¡p-óXv.- aXam-Wv- kw-kv-Im-csaópw- AXp-Xsóbm-Wv- tZio-bXsbópw- ]dbp-óXv- _n-sP]n- bm-Wv.- Pòw- sIm-ïv- Pm-Xn-bpw- aXhpw- \n-iv-Nbn-¡Wsaópw- Añm-¯sXm-s¡ aXhn-cp-²am-sWópw- ]dbp-ó sNón-¯e DSp-¯n-cn-¡p-ó JZÀ- hkv-{X¯n-\Sn-bn-se Im-¡n- {Su-kdm-Wv- ]p-d¯p-hón-cn-¡p-óXv.- H¸w- s\än-bnð- a§n-bn-cn-¡p-ó Ip-¦p-as¸m-«pw- sXfn-ªp- hcp-óp.- Cu- ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Zw- Fgp-]Xp-Ifp-sS Xp-S¡¯n-ep-ïm-b asäm-cp- ]m-T]p-kv-XI hn-hm-Zs¯bm-tWmÀ-½n-¸n-¡p-óXv.- Aóv- s\lv-dp-hn-s³-d BXv-aIYbn-se Hcp- `m-Kw- ]m-T]p-kv-XI¯nð.- AXnð-\n-óm-Is« Nn-e hm-NI§Ä- FSp-¯p- am-än-bn-cn-¡p-óp.- am-än-bn-cn-¡p-óXv- eo-Kn-s\Xn-cm-b s\lv-dp-hn-s³-d ]cm-aÀ-i§Ä.- hn-Zym-`ym-k a{´n-bm-Is« eo-Kp-Im-c³.- - Hgn-hm-¡n-b BXv-aIYm- `m-K§Ä- Iq-«n-t¨À-¡Wsaóm-hiy-s¸«p-sIm-ïv- tIm¬-{Kkpw- bq-¯v- tIm¬-{Kkpw kacw- {]Jym-]n-¨p.- Aóv- F sI B³-dWn- sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâv.- Icp-Wm-Ic³- B`y-´c a{´n.- Cµn-cm-Km-\v-[n- {][m-\a{´n.- tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-d Bhiyw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-\m-hn-sñóv- eo-Kp-Im-c\m-b hn-Zym-`ym-ka{´n.- Cµn-cm-Km-\v-[n- CSs]«p.- eo-Kv- {]kn-Uâp-am-bn- AcaWn-¡qÀ- ap-dn-bS¨n-« NÀ-¨.- ANv-Os³-d BXv-aIYbsñ AXv- t]m-bn- Xp-ebs«; `cWw- Ifbm-sX t\m-¡v; eo-Kv- ]dªXv- tIÄ-¡v- Fóm-Wv- Cµn-cm-Km-\v-[n- B³-dWn-¡v- sIm-Sp-¯ D]tZiw.- Aóv- Dt]£n-¨Xm-Wv- tIm¬-{Kkp-ImÀ- s\lv-dp-hn-s\.- kz-´w- aIÄ- XÅn-¸dª s\lv-dp-hn-s\ R§Ä-s¡´n-\v- Fóm-Wn-t¸mÄ- sNón-¯ebp-sS tNm-Zyw?- H F³- hn-bpw- kp-Ip-amÀ- Ago-t¡m-Spw- kJdn-bbp-sam-s¡ s\lv-dphn-s³-d kao-]\§Ä- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p-sIm-ïv- ap-tóm-«p-hóp.- Fómð- CSXp-]£ P\m-[n-]Xy-ap-óWn- KhÀ-saân-s\Xn-cm-bn- \S¡p-ó GXp- kact¯bpw- ]n-´p-W¡m-t\m-Sn-sb¯p-ó alm-tiz-Xm-tZhn,- Acp-\v-[Xn- tdm-bv,- ta[m-]Sv-IÀ,- hµ\inh Fón-hcp-sSsbm-ópw- {]Xn-IcW§Ä- Iïn-ñ.- km-d So-¨dpw- A¸p-¡p-«³- hÅn-¡p-ópw- hn- ]n- hm-kp-tZh\pw- AS§p-ó tIcf _p-²n-Po-hn-Ifp-sS {]Xn-IcWhpw- Iïn-ñ.- B\µv,- sI Pn- i¦c¸n-Å,- sI APn-X,- sI thWp Xp-S§nb dn-«tbÀ-Uv- knw-l§fp-sS {]Xn-IcW§fpw- ]p-d¯p-hóp-Iïn-ñ.- sIFkv-bp-¡mÀ- sk{I«dn-tbän-\p-ap-ónð- ]m-Xn-cm- kacw- Xp-S§p-óXv- Im-¯n-cn-¡p-Ibm-hpw.- F´m-bm-epw- Chcp-sS Cu- au-\¯n-\p-sam-cp- cm-jv-{So-bap-ïv.- CSXp-]£ P\m-[n-]Xy-ap-óWn- KhÀ-saân-s³-d \b§sf heXp-]£¯p-\n-óv- \n-§Ä- FXnÀ-¡pI; R§Ä- au-\w- ]m-en-¡mw.- "CSXp-]£'-¯p-\n-óv- R§Ä- B{Ian-¡pw-; \n-§Ä- au-\w- ]m-en-¡Ww.- CsXm-cp- sXm-gnð- hn-`P\am-Wv.- heXp-]£¡m-cpw- Xo{h CSXp-]£¡m-cpw- X½n-ep-Å Hcp- sXm-gnð-hn-`P\w.- BÀ-s¡¦n-ep-sam-s¡ kw-ibap-sï¦nð- AhÀ- Xn-cn-¨dn-ªp-sIm-Åp-I; AhÀ- ]ckv-]c[m-cWbn-em-Wv.- Ahsc Iq-«n-bn-W¡p-ó I®n- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-²Xbm-Wv.- CHINTHA BÄ-ssZh§fp-sS c£IÀ Fw- _n- cm-tPjv- ap-tÊm-fn-\n-bp-sS ^mkn-kv-äv- hm-gv-N¡m-e¯v- Cäm-en-b³- tIm-SXn-bnð- t{]m-kn-Iyq-«À- Bhiy-s¸«Xv- At³-dm-Wn-tbm- {Kmw-jn-bp-sS Xet¨m-dn-s\ Ccp-]Xp-hÀ-jt¯¡v- {]hÀ-¯\cln-Xam-¡Wsaóm-bn-cp-óp.- Nn-´n-¡p-ó Xet¨m-dp-Isf \n-iv-Neam-¡p-Ibpw- t\cp- hn-fn-¨p-]dbp-ó \mhp-IÄ- \n-i_v-Zam-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-ó-Xv- ^m-kn-kv-äp-I-fp-sS- F-¡m-e-t¯-bpw- co-Xn-bm-Wv.- hn-`n-ó- ho-£-W-§-sf-bpw- hn-aÀ-i-\-§-sf-bpw- hn-tbm-Pn-¸p-I-sf-bpw- A-hÀ- F-ópw- t\-cn-«n-«p-Å-Xv- _-e-{]-tbm-K-¯n-eq-sS-bpw- lnw-k-bn-eq-sS-bp-am-bn-cp-óp.- C-´y-bnð- BÀ-F-kv-F-kv- Cu- ^m-kn-kv-äv- co-Xn- A-h-ew-_n-¡p-ó-h-cm-Wv.- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- ]Xn-hm-bn- {]tbm-Kn-¡p-ó B ^m-kn-kv-äv- co-Xn-bp-sS HSp-hn-es¯ DZm-lcWam-Wv- tUm.- kp-Ip-amÀ- Ago-t¡m-Sn-s\Xn-cm-bn- Nn-e kw-L]cn-hmÀ- kw-LS\IÄ- DbÀ-¯n-b `o-jWn.- Aar-Xm-\µabo- aTs¯ hn-aÀ-in-¨Xn-s³-d t]cn-epw- Ahcp-sS Bkv-Xn-bpw- hcp-am-\ t{km-XÊp-Ifpw- shfn-s¸Sp-¯Wsaóv- ]dªXn-s³-d t]cn-ep-am-Wv- Ago-t¡m-Sn-s\Xn-cm-b shñp-hn-fn-bpw- A[n-t£]§fpw.- ]cn-hmÀ- kw-LS\Ifn-sem-óm-b A`n-`m-jI ]cn-j¯v- Ago-t¡m-Sn-s³-d ho-«n-te¡v- amÀ-¨v- \S¯p-saóv- {]Jym-]n-¡p-I am-{Xañ Ago-t¡m-Sn-s\ sXdn-hn-fn-¨Xn-\v- Adkv-än-em-b A½`Iv-X\v- ku-P\y- \n-baklm-bhpw- \ð-Ip-saódn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-óp.- sXdn-hn-fn-¨h\v- ku-P\y- h¡m-e¯p- \ð-In- "km-aq-ly- {]Xn-_²X'- sXfn-bn-¨ A`n-`m-jI ]cn-j¯n-s³-d t]cv- sXdn- `m-jI ]cn-j¯v- Fóm-¡n- am-äp-óXm-hpw- DNn-Xw.- P\m-[n-]Xy-t_m-[¯n-s³d IWn-I t]m-ep-an-ñm-¯,- acym-Zbp-sS kÀ-Æko-a-Ifpw- ew-Ln-¡p-ó B{IaWam-Wv- Ago-t¡m-Sn-s\Xn-cm-bn- ]cn-hmÀ- kw-LS\IÄ- \S¯n-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-óXv.- Fómð- CXn-sehn-sSbpw- Ago-t¡m-Sp-óbn-¨ tNm-Zy-§Ä-¡p-Å adp-]Sn-bn-ñ Xm-\pw.- hcp-am-\¯n-s³-d IWs¡hn-sS Fóp- tNm-Zn-¡p-ó Ago-t¡m-Sn-t\m-Sv- adp-]Sn-bm-bn- sXdn- ]dbp-Ibñ IW¡p- Im-Wn-¡p-Ibm-Wv- sNt¿ïXv.- IW¡p-IÄ- tNm-Zn-¡p-t¼mÄ- {]tIm-]n-Xcm-Ip-óhÀ- Hfn-¡m-\pw- adbv-¡m-\pw- DÅhcm-sWóv- kw-ibn-¨m-ð- Ip-äw- ]dbm-\m-hp-tam?- Ago-t¡m-Sn-s³-d \n-e]m-Sp-Itfm-Spw- hm-ZKXn-Itfm-Spw- hn-tbm-Pn-¡mw-; At±ls¯ hn-aÀ-in-¡p-Ibpam-hmw.- ]t£ `o-jWn-s¸Sp-¯p-óXpw- A]am-\n-¨v- \n-i_v-Z\m-¡m³- {ian-¡p-óXpw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-\m-hn-ñ.- bp-Iv-Xn-klam-b D¯c§Ä-¡pw- hn-iZo-IcW§Ä-¡pw- ]Icw- shñp-hn-fn-Ifpw- Bt{Im-i§fpw- aXn-bm-hn-ñ.- Fñm- ^m-kn-kv-äp-IÄ-¡p-saó t]m-se BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-\pw- P\m-[n-]Xy-]cam-b kw-hm-Z¯n-s³-d Xehpw- bp-Iv-Xn-]qÀ-Æam-b Nn-´bpw- A\y-am-Wv.- ^m-kn-kw- tNm-csIm-ïv- Nn-´n-¡p-Ibpw- `o-jWn-bp-sS kz-chpw- _e{]tbm-K¯n-s³d co-Xn-im-kv-{Xhpw- Ahew-_n-¡p-Ibp-am-Wv- sN¿p-I.- X§fp-sS aXm-[n-jv-Tn-X cmjv-{S ho-£W¯n-s\Xn-cm-b \n-e]m-Sp- kzo-Icn-¨ alm-Xv-am-Km-\v-[n-sb shSn-bp-ï¡n-cbm-¡n-bXp-ap-Xð- Cu- ^m-kn-kv-äv- ssien- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- Ct¸m-gpw- ]n-´p-Scp-óXn-s³-d \n-ch[n- DZm-lcW§Ä- \½p-sS ap-ón-ep-ïv.- Fw- F^v- lp-ssk³- Fó hn-{ip-X\m-b Nn-{XIm-c\v- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s³-d \n-c´cam-b th«bm-Sen-s³-dbpw- `o-jWn-bp-sSbpw- ^eam-bn- cm-Py-¯p- \n-óv- ]em-b\w- sNt¿ïn-hóXv- Bcpw- adón-«n-ñ.- At±lw- Ct¸m-gpw- {]hm-kn-bm-bn- Aebp-Ibm-Wv.- "-^bÀ'- "hm-«À'- Fóo- kn-\n-aIÄ-s¡Xn-cm-bpw- kw-hn-[m-bn-I Zo-]m-ta¯s¡Xn-cm-bpw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkpw- A\p-_\v-[ kw-LS\Ifpw- \S¯n-b B{IaW ]c¼cIfpw- Ip-{]kn-²am-Wtñm.- ]q-sWbn-se in-hm-Pn- bq-Wn-thgv-kn-än-bnð- AXn-{Iaw- Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- Nn-{X§Ä-¡v- Xo-bn-Sp-Ibpw- bq-Wn-thgv-kn-än- Uo\pw {]ikv-X Nn-{XIm-c\p-am-b tUm.- ]Wn-¡sc ]o-Un-¸n-¨Xpw- C¡q-«À- Xsóbm-bn-cp-ótñm.- ap³- F³-Un-F kÀ-¡m-cn-s³-d Im-e¯v- aX\n-ct]£ \n-e]m-Sp-IÄ- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨Xn-s³-d Ip-ä¯n-\v- hn-Jym-Xcm-b Ncn-{XIm-còm-tcbpw- A¡m-Zan-Iv- ]Wv-Un-Xòm-tcbpw- \n-c´cw- t{Zm-ln-¨Xpw- HmÀ-½n-t¡ïXm-Wv.- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s³-d ^m-kn-kv-äv- ]co-£W§fp-sS kq-{X[m-c\m-b \tc{µtam-Un-bp-sS Kp-Pdm-¯nð- {]ap-J Iem-Im-cn- añn-Im- km-cm-`m-bn-tbbpw- ]{X{]hÀ-¯I So-kv-äm- skXð-hmZnt\bpw- t]m-ep-ÅhÀ- th«bm-Ss¸«Xn-s³-d Im-cWw- Ahcp-sS aX\n-ct]£ \n-e]m-Sp-Ifm-bn-cp-óp- Fópw- \ap-¡dn-bmw.- hn-Jym-X Kkð- Km-bI³- Kp-emw- Aen-bp-sS t_mw-s_bn-se kw-Ko-X ]cn]m-Sn- ASn-¨p-XIÀ-¯ BÀ-Fkv-Fkp-ImÀ- X§fp-sS ho-£Wt¯m-Sp- hn-tbm-Pn-¸p- ]p-eÀ-¯p-óp-shóXn-s³d t]cnð- cm-Py-s¯¼m-Spw- F{Xtbm- ]p-kv-XIim-eIfpw- kn-\n-am- Xo-bädp-Ifpw- Nn-{X{]ZÀ-i\§fpw- B{Ian-¨p- \in-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-óp.- ]p-tcm-Ka\ {]kv-Ym-\§Ä-¡v- iIv-Xam-b ASn-¯dbpw- DbÀ-ó P\m[n-]Xy-þaX\n-ct]£ ho-£Whpw- \n-e\nð-¡p-ó tIcf¯n-epw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- ]et¸m-gpw- C¯cw- ^m-kn-kv-äv- Akln-jv-Wp-XIÄ- {]ISn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv.- {]ap-J Ncn-{XIm-c³- tUm.- sI F³- ]Wn-¡tcm-Sp-Å ]Ibpw- hn-tZz-jhpw- {]ISn-¸n-¡m-³- At±lw- sshkv- Nm³-kedm-bn-cp-ó Im-e¯v- ]cn-hmÀ- kw-LS\IÄ- kw-kv-Ir-X kÀ-ÆIem-im-esb¯só kw-LÀ-jim-ebm-¡n- am-än-bXpw- hn-kv-acn-¡m-\m-hn-ñ.- _n-sP]n-bp-sS ap-XnÀ-ó tZio-b t\Xm-hv- tUm.- ap-cfo- at\m-lÀ- tPm-jn- t\cn-«m-bn-cp-óp- tUm.- ]Wn-¡À-s¡Xn-cm-b bp-² {]Jym-]\w- \S¯n- kw-L]cn-hmÀ- kw-LS\Isf Ibdq-cn-hn-«Xv.- tUm.- Ago-t¡m-Sp-Ä-s¸sSbpÅ Fgp-¯p-ImÀ-¡pw- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I {]hÀ-¯IÀ-¡p-saXn-sc ap-¼pw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- tIcf¯nð- `o-jWn- ap-g¡n-bn-«p-ïv.- C§s\ hÀ-¤o-bXs¡Xn-cm-b \n-e]m-Sp-IÄ- iIv-Xam-bn- kzo-Icn-¨n-«p-Å hy-Iv-Xn-Itfbpw- {]kv-Ym-\§tfbp-sañmw- `o-jWn-s¸Sp-¯n-bpw- I¿q-¡p- Im-Wn-¨pw- \n-i_v-Zam-¡m-\m-Wv- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- {ian-¨n-«p-ÅXv.- Bkq-{Xn-Xam-b B {ia§Ä- Fñm- AXn-cp-Ifpw- t`Zn-¨Xn-s³-d \Sp-¡p-ó DZmlcWam-bn-cp-óp Uð-ln-bn-se F sI Pn- `h³- B{IaWw.- C´y-bp-sS Ncn-{X¯nð- AXn-\p-ap-s¼m-cn-¡epw- Hcp- tZio-b cm-jv-{So-b ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS Bkv-Ym-\w- B{Ian-¡s¸«n-«n-ñ.- kn-]n-sF F½n-s³-d hn-«p-ho-gv-Nbn-ñm-¯ hÀ-¤o-b hn-cp-² \n-e]m-Sp-Itfm-Sp-Å kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s³-d {]Xn-IcWam-Wv- AXnð- cm-Pyw- IïXv.- Cu- kw-`h§fp-sSsbñmw- ]iv-Nm-¯e¯n-em-Wv- Ct¸mÄ- tIcf¯nð- BÄ-ssZh§fp-sSbpw- BXv-ao-b hym-]m-cn-Ifp-sSbpw- hm-SI Kp-ïIfm-bn- cw-K¯p-hón-«p-Å BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- \S]Sn-sb Im-tWïXv.- ]ïv- Pòn-¯dhm-Sp-Ifp-sS ]¯m-b¸p-cIfnð- Dïpw- Dd§n-bpw- Ign-bp-Ibpw- khÀ-®m-[n-]Xy-¯n-s³-d tIm-« Im-¡m³- Im-hð-\nð-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-XhÀ,- t£{X {]thi\¯n-\m-bn- kacw- sNbv-X A[x-kv-Yn-Xs\ Xñn-tbm-Sn-¡m³- Ip-dp-hSn-Ifp-am-bn- AWn-\n-cóhÀ,- Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn-se kXy-{Kl kacap-J¯v- Ir-jv-W]n-Åtbbpw- F sI Pn-tbbpw- hfªn-«v- Xñn-¨X¨hÀ- Cóv- AtX Ip-dp-hSn-Ifp-am-bn- BÄ-ssZh§fp-sS At[m-tem-I tI{µ§Ä-¡v- Im-hð- \nð-¡p-óp-! \thm-Xv-Ym-\¯n-s³-dbpw- ]p-tcm-Ka\m-ib§fp-sSbpw- in-cÊnð- {]lcn-¡p-ó kz-´w- Ncn-{X \n-tbm-Kw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- Ct¸m-gpw- \n-dthän-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-óp.- kt´m-jv-am-[h³-am-cp-sS X\n-\n-dw- ]p-d¯p-hóXn-s\Xp-SÀ-óv- BªSn-¨ P\tcm-j¯n-s³-d ^eam-bn- BÄ-ssZh§Ä-¡p-thïn- BZy-L«¯nð- Hfn-ªpw- adªpw- hm-Zn-¡m-\p-Å ss[cy-ta AhÀ-¡p-ïm-bn-cp-óp-Åq.- Fómð- BXv-ao-b hy-hkm-b¯n-s\Xn-cm-bn- alm-`q-cn-]£w- hcp-ó hn-izm-kn-Ifnð- Xsó Xn-cn-¨dn-hv- hfÀ-óphcp-ó hn-[¯nð- NÀ-¨IÄ- hn-Ikn-¨p- hótXm-sS BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-s³-d £a \in-¨p-; Ahcp-sS ^m-kn-kv-äv- Akln-jv-Wp-X AWs]m-«n-sbm-gp-In.- am-{Xañ,- H cm-PtKm-]m-en-s\bpw- {io-[c³]n-Åsbbpw- t]m-ep-Å t\Xm-¡fp-sS BÄ-ssZh _\v-[§Ä- A\n-tj[y-am-b \n-ebnð- ]p-d¯p-hcn-IIq-Sn- sNbv-XtXm-sS \n-ð-¡¡Ån-bn-ñm-Xm-b BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- BÄ-ssZh ]£¯v- adbn-ñm-sX \n-ebp-d¸n-¨v- {]Xym-{IaWw- Bcw-`n-¨p.- BXv-ao-b hy-hkm-b¯n-s\Xn-cm-b {]kv-Ym-\w- hfÀ-óp-hcp-óXv- P\m-[n-]Xy--þaX\n-ct]£ Bib§sf iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-saópw- AXv- X§fp-sS hÀ-¤o-b cm-jv-{So-b¯n-s³-d as®m-en-¸n-te¡v- \bn-¡p-saópw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- icn-bm-bn-¯só a\Ên-em-¡n-bn-«p-ïv.- B Xn-cn-¨dn-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-s\ {]tIm-]n-¸n-¡p-óXv.- BÄ-ssZh§fpw- BXv-ao-b hym-]m-ctI{µ§fpw- tNÀ-óv- kr-jv-Sn-s¨Sp-¯n-«p-Å Ir-{Xn-aam-b aXm-Xv-aIXbp-sSbpw- ]p-\cp-Xv-Ym-\ aq-ey-§fp-sSbpw- A´co-£¯n-em-Wv- hÀ-¤o-b cm-jv-{So-b¯n-s³-d hn-js¨Sn-IÄ- AXn-{Zp-Xw- hfÀ-óp-hóXv- Fóp- Im-Wm-\m-hpw.- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s³-d hÀ-¤o-bam-b AWn-\n-c¯en-\p-Å km-lNcy-§fpw- ku-Icy-§fpw- BXv-ao-b hym-]m-c¯n-s³-d A\p-_\v-[ kw-hn-[m-\§Ä- kr-jv-Sn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ïv.- BtKm-fhð-¡cW Im-es¯ Nq-Xm-«aq-e[\¯n-s³-d Cjv-StaJeIfnð- ap-gp-h³- hn-lcn-¡p-ó BÄ-ssZh§fp-am-bp-Å BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- N§m-¯¯n-\v- km-¼¯n-I Xmð-]cy-¯n-s³-d Xe§fp-ap-ïv.- BÄ-ssZh§fpw- hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-Ifpw- Hcp-t]m-se BtKm-fhð-¡cW¯n-s³-d Kp-Wt`m-Iv-Xm-¡fm-Wv.- BtKm-faq-e[\¯n-s³-d a\p-jym-hXm-c§fm-Wv a\p-jy-ssZh§sf¦nð- AtX aq-e[\¯n-s³-d C´y-bn-se B`y-´c cm-jv-{So-b kJyI£n-Ifm-Wv- kw-L]cn-hm-dpÄ-s¸sSbp-Å hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-IÄ.- BtKm-fo-IcW Nq-jW¯n-s³-d CcIfm-b P\§fp-sS Xn-cn-¨dn-hp-Isfbpw- cm-jv-{So-bam-b kw-Lm-S\s¯bpw- Ccp-Iq-«cpw- Hcp-t]m-se \nÀ-ho-cy-am-¡p-óp.- Hcp- Iq-«À- aXw- D]tbm-Kn-¨v- P\§sf `n-ón-¸n-¡p-Ibm-sW¦nð- asäm-cp- Iq-«À- Ir{Xn-a km-´z-\¯n-s³-d elcn- hn-ägn-¨v- P\§sf ab¡n-¡n-S¯p-óp.- cïpw- kw-c£n-¡p-óXm-Is« aq-e[\ Xmð-]cy-§sfbpw.- hÀ-¤o-bXbpw- BXv-ao-b hy-hkm-bhpw- BtKm-faq-e[\hpw- X½n-ep-Å Km-V_\v-[¯n-s³-d Nn-{Xam-Wv- Cós¯ tIcfo-bm-´co-£¯nð- sXfn-bp-óXv.- Cu- km-lNcy-¯nð- BXv-an-b hy-hkm-b¯n-\pw- AXn-s³-d kn-CHam-cm-b BÄ-ssZh§Ä-¡pw-t\sc tNm-Zy-§fpw- Nq-ïp-hn-cepw- Dbcp-óXv- BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-s\ Atem-kcs¸Sp-¯p-I kzm-`m-hn-Iw.- bYmÀ-Xv-Y hn-izm-kn-IÄ- Im-cy-§Ä- Xn-cn-¨dn-bp-ó \n-ebp-ïm-bmð- hn-izm-ks¯ Nq-jWw- sNbv-Xv- \n-e\n-ð-¡p-ó X§Ä-¡v- AXv- tZm-jam-Ip-saóv- BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-\v- Adn-bmw.- Ct¸mÄ-Xsó sIm-Sp-§ñqÀ- t]m-ep-Å tI{µ§fnð- Ahcp-sS ^m-kn-kv-äv- tXÀ-hm-gv-Nbv-s¡Xn-cm-bn- hn-izmkn-Ifnð- {]Xn-tj[w- DbÀ-óp-hcp-óp-ïv.- sIm-Sp-§ñq-cn-se t£{Xm-¦Ww- Xm-hfam-¡n- hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS ]Ww- ]n-Sn-¨p-]dn-¨pw- Ip-Sn-¨pw- Iq-¯m-Sn-bpw- sIm-ñpw- sIm-ebp-am-bn- hn-izm-k¯n-s³-d ip²nIf¦s¸Sp-¯p-ó BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- {In-an-\ep-Itfm-Sp-Å AaÀ-jw- iIv-Xam-Wv.- CXp-t]m-se ]e t£{X§fp-sSbpw- XWenð- BÀ-Fkv-Fkp-ImÀ- hn-izm-kn-Isf hôn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp-ïv.- hn-izm-kw- hn-ð-]\¨c¡m-¡p-ó IÅssZh§Ä-s¡Xn-cm-b hn-izm-kn-Ifp-sS tcm-jw- Bfn-]SÀ-ómð- `m-hn-bnð- X§fp-sS sIm-Sp-§ñqÀ- am-Xr-IIfpw- B Xo-bnð- Nm-¼em-bn-¯oÀ-tó¡m-saó `bw- Ahsc Ae«p-óp-ïv.- BÄ-ssZh§fp-sS hm-SIKp-ïIfpw- Iq-en-¯ñp-Im-cp-am-bn- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- cw-K{]thiw- sN¿p-óXpw- hn-aÀ-iIsc ap-gp-h³- \n-i_v-Zcm-¡m³- {ian-¡p-óXpw- Cu- km-lNcy-¯n-em-Wv.- C\n- BÄ-ssZh§fp-sS Im-cy-saSp-¡p-I.- Un-sshF^v-sF apXð- Ago-t¡m-Sp- hscbp-Å {]kv-Ym-\§Ä-¡pw- hy-Iv-Xn-IÄ-¡p-saXn-cm-bn- X§Ä-¡p-thïn- BÀ-Fkv-Fkp-ImÀ- sIm-ehn-fn- ap-g¡p-t¼mÄ- Cu- BÄ-ssZh§Ä- Fs´Sp-¡p-Ibm-Wv?- X§fp-sS Cu- hociqc ]cm-{Ian-Ifm-b A\p-bm-bn-Ifp-sS Iq-dpw- hodpw- Iïv- ]p-fIn-Xcm-bn- X§fp-sS kp-c£n-X Xm-hf§fn-en-cp-óv- Kq-Vkv-an-Xw- s]m-gn-¡p-Ibm-tWm?- a\p-jy-kv-t\ls¯¡p-dn-¨pw- kln-jv-Wp-Xsb¡p-dn-¨p-sañmw- Kn-cn-{]`m-jW§fpw- km-tcm-]tZi§fpw- \S¯n-hcp-ó Cu- BXv-ao-bm-NmcyÀ- BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- in-jy-cp-sS Bt{Im-i§Ä- Adn-ªn-sñóp-tïm?- BÀ-Fkv-Fkn-s³-d `o-jWn-IÄ-¡pw- sXdn-¡¯p-IÄ-¡pw- Cu- ssZh§fp-sSsbñmw- "BXv-ao-b'- ]n-´p-W Dsïóv- kw-ibn-¨mð- sXäm-hp-tam-?- kóym-kt{ijv-Tscóv- Icp-Xn-bn-cp-ó Nn-e Im-jm- thj[m-cn-Ifp-sS Pð-]\§fm-Wv- A¯cw- kw-ib§fp-bÀ-¯p-óXv.- in-htk\bp-sS B`n-ap-Jy-¯nð- \Só k\ym-kn- kt½f\¯nð- {]kw-Kn-¨ Aar-Xm-\µabo- aT¯n-se Kp-cp-Zm-kssNX\y-bp-sS hm-¡p-Ifnð- BXv-ao-b ssNX\y-añ hÀ-¤o-b Dòm-Zam-Wv- Dïm-bn-cp-óXv.- Fñmw- XyPn-¨hs³-d \nÀ½Xbpw- Adn-hp-Åhs³-d Hu-óXy-hp-añ,- APv-Rs³-d Hu-²Xy-hpw- sh«n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\m{Kln-¡p-óhs³-d BkIv-Xn-bp-am-Wv- Dïm-bn-cp-óXv.- Cu- hm-¡p-Ifnse hÀ-¤o-b Dòm-Zhpw- [mÀ-jvSy-hpw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkp-Im-sc "IÀtòmð-kp-Icm-¡p-I'- Fó e£yw-sh¨p- Xsóbm-bn-cn-¡Ww.- kv-t\lhpw- kln-jv-Wp-Xbpw- ]ªan-ñm-sX DZv-tLmjn-¡p-ó BÄ-ssZh§sft´ kz-´w- in-jy-cpw- BÀ-FkvFkp-Im-cm-b A\p-bm-bn-¸Sbpw- \S¯p-ó A[n-t£]§sf ar-Zp-hm-b Hcp- hcn-sIm-sï¦n-epw- \n-cm-Icn-¡m-¯Xv?- Xo-À-¨bm-bpw- kw-L]cn-hmÀ- am-{Xañ,- aäv- hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-Ifpw- BXv-ao-b hy-hkm-b¯n-s³-d kw-c£Icm-bn- cw-K¯p-ïm-bn-«p-ïv.- ae¸p-d¯v- BÄ-ssZh¯n-s³-d Xm-hf¯n-te¡v- amÀ-¨v- \S¯n-b Un-sshF^v-sF {]hÀ-¯Isc t\cn-Sm³- eo-Kp-Im-cm-Wv- Bbp-[§fp-am-bn- kw-LSn-s¨¯n-bXv.- BXv-ao-bXbpw- cm-jv-{So-bhpw- Iq-«n-¡eÀ-¯n-b tNcp-h \óm-bn- hn-ägn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-ó ]m-W¡m-Sv- X§fp-sS A\p-bm-bn-Ifm-b eo-Kp-Im-cpw- kw-L]cn-hm-dn-s\t¸m-se BXv-ao-b At[m-tem-I¯n-\p-thïn- Im-hð-\nð-¡p-óXnð- Að-`p-Xan-ñ.- ^mkn-kv-äv- {]hWXIÄ- ]et¸m-gpw- BÀ-Fkv-Fknð-\n-óv- ]IÀ-¯m³- aSn-¡m-¯hcm-Wtñm- CÉm-an-I hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-IÄ.- Akv-KÀ- Aen- Fôn-\o-bsd-bpw- XÉo-am- \kv-do-t\bp-sañmw- B{Ian-¡p-Ibpw- dp-jv-Zn-sbt¸m-ep-ÅhÀ-¡p-t\scbp-Å ^Xv-hIsf Kq-Vam-bn- \ym-bo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-óhÀ- ]et¸m-gpw- BÀ-Fkv-Fkn\p- kam-\am-b Akln-jv-Wp-X {]ISn-¸n-¨hcm-Wv.- BXv-ao-b hym-]m-c¯n-s³-d Im-cy-¯nð- hy-Xy-kv-X hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-Ifp-sS \n-e]m-Sp-IÄ- kam-\am-Im³- F´m-Wv- Im-cWw?.- Fñm- hÀ-¤o-b iIv-Xn-Ifpw- Hcp-t]m-se ]¦p-sh¡p-ó BtKmfaq-e[\Xmð-]cy-§fp-sS cm-jv-{So-bw Xsóbm-WXv.- BtKm-fhð-¡cWw- Fñm- aX§fn-epw- hÀ-¤o-biIv-Xn-Ifp-sS hfÀ-¨¡v- CSbm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-óp.- Fñm- aX§Ä-¡pw- D]cn-bm-bn- aXhn-izm-ks¯ hn-ð-]\¨c¡m-¡p-ó Hcp- \hen-_dð- It¼m-faXw- kr-jv-Sn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-óp.- B s]m-Xp- It¼m-faX¯n-s³-d BNm-cy-òm-cm-Wv- Fñm- aX§fn-epw- Hcp-t]m-se hfÀ-óp-hó BÄ-ssZh§Ä.- ^mkn-kv-äp- kz-`m-hap-Å iIv-Xn-IÄ- BÄ-ssZh§Ä-s¡Xn-cm-b hn-aÀ-i\§sf ASn-¨aÀ-¯m³- {ian-¡p-óXv- CcpIq-«cpw- Hcp-t]m-se aq-e[\ þ It¼m-f iIv-Xn-Ifp-sS Xmð-]cy-§sf {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-ó Htc Xq-hð-]£n-Ifm-bXp-sIm-ïm-Wv.- F´m-bm-epw- CXp-hsc Xn-cÈo-e¡p- ]n-ónð- ]Xp-§n-bn-cp-óhÀ- ]p-d¯p-Nm-Sn-btXm-sS BÄ-ssZh§fp-sS c£IÀ- Bscñmam-sWóv- hy-Iv-Xam-bn-cn-¡p-óp.- P\§fp-sS c£Icm-bn- \Sn-¨n-cp-ó BÄ-ssZh§sf c£n-¡m³- Ip-dp-hSn-Ifp-am-bn- BÀ-Fkv-Fkpw- XIv-_oÀ- hn-fn-Ifp-am-bn- eo-Kpw- cw-K¯n-d§n-bXp- \óm-bn.- BXv-ao-b hy-hkm-b¯n-s³-d kv-t]m¬-kÀ-am-cpw- {_m³-Uv- Aw-_m-kUÀ-am-cpw- Nm-thÀ- tk\Ifp-sañmw- Ct¸mÄ- AWn-\n-cóp- Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-óp.- P\§Ä-¡v- Im-cy-§Ä- Iq-Sp-Xð- hy-Iv-Xam-bn-¡gn-ªp.- CHINTHA BWh¡cmÀ- BÀ-¡p-thïn?- sI cm-tP{µ³- BWhIcmÀ- hn-hm-Zw- ho-ïpw- kPo-hhpw- k¦oÀ-®hp-am-hp-Ibm-Wv.- Pq¬- 18\v- tNtcïn-bn-cp-ó bp-]n-F þ CSXp-]£ cm-jv-{So-bIm-cy- kan-Xn-tbm-Kw- am-än-sh¨p.- 25\v- tNÀ-ó tbm-Kw- kahm-bap-ïm-¡m-\m-hm-sX ]n-cn-ªp.- C\n-bpw- Icm-dp-am-bn- aptóm-«p-t]m-bmð- ]n-´p-W ]n³-hen-¡p-saóv- CSXp-]£w- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\ tcJm-aq-ew- Adn-bn-¨n-cn-¡bm-Wv.- Ip-Xn-¨p-bcp-ó hn-e¡bäw,- tem-Iv-k`m- sXcsªSp-¸v- \S¯p-óXn-\v- {]Xn-Iq-eam-b cm-jv-{So-b km-lNcyw,- CSXp-]£s¯ ]n-W¡cp-sXóv- Bhiy-s¸Sp-ó LSII£n-IÄ- Fón-§s\ {]Xn-Iq-e km-lNcy-§Ä- \nch[n-bp-ïm-bn-«pw- BWh Icm-dp-am-bn- ap-tóm-«p-t]m-tb Xo-cq- Fó \n-e]m-Sn-em-Wv- {][m-\a{´n- a³-tam-l³-kn-§pw- tIm¬-{Kkv- A²y-£ tkm-Wn-bm-Km-\v-[n-bpw.- BWhIcmÀ- \S¸n-em-¡p-óXn-\m-bn- C\n- aq-óv- L«§Ä- Iq-Sn- _m-¡n-bp-ïv.- A´m-cm-jv-{S BWthmÀ-Pv-P GP³-kn-bp-am-bn- C´y- Hcp- kp-c£m- am-\ZWv-U¡cm-dnð- H¸p-sh¡Ww.- ]n-óo-Sv- 45 Aw-K BWhhn-XcW cm-Py-§fp-sS A\p-aXn- hm-§Ww.- CXn-\p-tijw- Atacn-¡³- tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-d A´n-a Aw-Ko-Im-cw- Iq-Sn- e`n-¨Xn-\p-tijw- am-{Xta C´y-¡v- IcmÀ- {]Im-cw- BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw- e`y-am-hq.- X§Ä- 2009 P\p-hcn- 20 hsc,- AYhm- {]kn-Uïv- tPmÀ-Pv- U»yp- _p-jns³-d Im-em-h[n- Ahkm-\n-¡p-óXp-hsc,- Im-¯n-cn-¡m-³- X¿m-dm-sWóv- Atacn-¡³- kÀ-¡mÀ- tI{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-s\ Adn-bn-¨n-«p-ïv.- Pq-sse 7\v- P¸m-\nð- Pn- 8 cm-Py-§fp-sS D¨tIm-Sn- Bcw--`n-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- tbm-K¯nð- ]s¦Sp-¡p-ó {][m-\a{´n-tbm-Sv- Atacn-¡³- {]kn-Uïv- tPmÀ-Pv- U»yp- _p-jv- "F´m-bn- IcmÀ?'- Fóv- tNm-Zn-¡p-t¼mÄ- F´v- adp-]Sn- ]dbp-saóv- Btem-Nn-¨v- {][m-\a{´n- hn-jan-¡p-Ibm-Ws{X.- hn-e¡bäw- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å cq-£am-b {]iv-\§Ä- aq-ew- cm-Py-s¯ _lp-`q-cn-]£w- P\§fpw- \«w- Xn-cn-bp-Ibm-Wv.- CsXm-óp-añ \½p-sS {][m-\a{´n-bp-sS ap-ón-se ap-Jy- {]iv-\w.- P¸m-\nð- sh¨v- tPmÀ-Pv- _p-jv- Dóbn-¡p-ó tNm-Zy-§fm-bn-cn-¡pw- ap-Jy- {]iv-\w.- C\n-bpw- BWh¡cm-dp-am-bn- ap-tóm-«p-t]m-bmð- CSXp-]£w- ]n-´p-W ]n³-hen-¡p-saóv- kÀ-¡m-cn-\v- \óm-bdn-bmw.- CSXp-]£w- ]n-´p-W ]n³-hen-¨m-ð- kÀ-¡mÀ- \yq-\]£am-hpw.- `q-cn-]£w- \jv-Ss¸« Hcp- kÀ-¡mÀ- F§s\bm-Wv- C{X hn-hm-Zam-b Hcp- Icm-dnð- H¸p-sh¡p-I?- Cu- tNm-Zyw- bp-]n-F t\Xm-¡sf _p-²n-ap-«n-em-¡p-óp.- 39 Fw-]n-am-cp-Å kam-Pv- hm-Zn- ]mÀ-Sn-sbbpw- sNdp- ]mÀ-«n-Isfbp-sañmw- H¸w- \nÀ-¯n- tem-Iv-k`bnð- `q-cn-]£ap-ïm-¡m-\p-Å AWn-bd \o-¡§Ä- XIr-Xn-bm-bn- \S¡p-óp-ïv.- kam-Pv-hm-Zn- ]mÀ-Sn- t\Xm-hv- ap-em-bw- kn-§v- bm-Zhv- Bhs«,- Pq-sse 3\v- Zn-ñn-bnð- tNcp-ó bp-F³-]n-F t\Xr-tbm-Kw- A´n-a Xo-cp-am-\saSp-¡p-saó \n-e]m-Sn-em-Wv.- DuÀ-Pv-P {]Xn-k\v-[n- "s]t{Sm-fn-bw- Dð-]ó§fp-sS hn-e Ip-Xn-¨p-bcp-óp.- DuÀPv-P {]Xn-k\v-[n- cq-£am-hp-óp.- Cu- {]Xn-k\v-[n-sb adnIS¡m³- BWhIcmÀ- AXym-hiy-am-Wv'.- Hcp- s]m-Xp-]cn-]m-Sn-bnð-sh¨v- tIm¬-{Kkv- A²y£ tkm-Wn-bmKm-\v-[n- \S¯n-b A`n-{]m-b {]IS\am-Wn-Xv.- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- Dð-]ó§Ä- D]tbm-Kn-¨v- sN¿p-ó GXv- Zu-Xy-am-Wv- BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw- sIm-ïv- \n-dthäm-\m-hp-I?- Im-dpw- _Êpw- tem-dn-bp-sañmw- BWthmÀ-PvPw- D]tbm-Kn-¨v- Hm-Sn-¡m-\m-hn-sñóv- tkm-Wn-bm-Km-\v-[n-¡v- \óm-bdn-bmw.- Fón-«pw- tIm¬-{Kkp-Im-cpw- ap-Jy-[m-cm- am-[y-a§fpw- IÅ {]Nm-cWw- \S¯p-Ibm-Wv.- C´y-bnð- Ct¸mÄ- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó Fñm- BWh dn-bm-Iv-Sdp-Ifpw- tNÀ-óv- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó sshZyp-Xn- 4120 saKm-hm-«m-Wv.- CXm-hs« C´y-bnð- BsI Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS 3 iXam-\¯n-ð- Xm-sgbpw.- Bkq-{XW I½o-js³d IW¡p-IÄ- Xsó t\m-¡mw.- 2016 Hm-sS BWh C\v-[\¯nð--\n-óv- ]cam-h[n- 15,-000 saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn-bpw- 2021Hm-sS ]cam-h[n- 29,-000 saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn-bpw- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³- e£y-an-«p-sIm-ïp-Å ]²Xn-bm-Wv- I½o-j³- Bkq-{XWw- sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-óXv.- BWhIcmÀ- bm-YmÀ-Xv-Yy-am-bmð- e`y-am-hp-ó sshZyp-Xn-bpw- CXnð- DÄ-s¸Sp-óp.- C\n- {][m-\a{´n- {]Xo-£n-¡p-óXp-t]m-se 2020 Hm-sS 40,-000 saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn- BWh \n-eb§fn-eq-sS Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-\m-bmð- CXv- BsIbp-Å sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS 9% am-{Xta hcn-Ibp-Åq.- BWthmÀ-Pv-P hn-Ik\w- tI{µ Bkq-{XW I½o-js³-d {]Xo-£IÄ- 2006 2016 2021 C\w- saKm-- saKm saKm-- hm-«nð hm-«nð hm-«nð BsI sshZyp-Xn -e`y-X 134700 303000 445000 BWthmÀ-Pv-P e`y-X 4120 15000 30000 BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw- BsI sshZyp-Xn- e`y-Xbp-sS % 3.00% 4.95% 6.74% tI{µ Bkq-{XW I½o-j³- 2006 BKkv-Xnð- ]p-d¯n-d¡n-b DuÀ-Pv-P \btcJbnð-\n-óv.- BWthmÀ-Pv-P hn-Ik\w- tI{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-s³-d {]Xo-£IÄ- 2006 2016 2021 C\w- saKm- saKm- saKm-- -hm-«nð -hm-«nð -hm-«nð BsI DuÀ-Pv-P -e`y-X 134700 303000 445000 BWthmÀ-Pv-P e`y-X 4120 20000 40000 BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw- BsI DuÀ-Pv-P¯nð-- % 3.6% 6.60% 8.99% tað- ]«n-Ibnð\n-ópw- Hcp- hkv-Xp-X hy-Iv-Xam-hpw.- 2020 Hm-sS 40000 saKm-hm-«v- (Fó A{]m-]y-am-b)- e£yw- km-£mð-¡cn-¡s¸«m-epw- C´y-bp-sS DuÀ-Pv-P {]Xn-k\v-[n- ]cn-lcn-¡s¸Sn-ñ.- CXv- C´y-bp-sS am-{Xw- Ahkv-Ybñ.- C´y-bp-sS DuÀ-Pv-P {]Xn-k\v-[n- ]cn-lcn-¡p-óXn-\m-bn- Ct¸mÄ- klm-blkv-Xhp-am-bn- hón-cn-¡p-ó Atacn-¡bnð- 1994\v- tijw- Hscm-ä BWh dn-bm-Iv-SÀ- t]m-epw- kv-Ym-]n-¨n-«n-ñ.- sNehv- Gähpw- sNethdn-b DuÀ-Pv-P t{km-XÊm-Wv- BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw.- C¡m-cW¯m-em-Wv- k¼ó cm-Py-§sfm-ópw- Xsó Cu- taJebnð- Xmð-]cyw- Im-Wn-¡m-¯Xv.- Hcp- saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³- 8.-1 tIm-Sn- cq-] sNehv- hcpw.- Fómð- Cd¡p-aXn- sN¿p-ó Hcp- dn-bm-Iv-Sdnð- 1 saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-\m-bn- hcp-ó sNehv- 12.-1 tIm-Sn- cq-]bm-Wv.- C\n- Xm-]\n-eb§fp-sS Im-cy-saSp-¡mw.- Ið-¡cn- C\v-[\am-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó Hcp- Xm-]\n-eb¯nð- Hcp- saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³- 3.-73 tIm-Sn- cq-] am-{Xta sNehv- hcq.- Np-cp-¡n-¸dªmð- \n-iv-Nn-X sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Z\tijn-bp-Å Xm-]\n-ebw \nÀ-an-¡p-óXn-s³-d aq-ón-c«n- Xp-I sNehgn-¨mð- am-{Xta C{Xbpw- - sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Z\ tijn-bp-Å Cd¡p-aXn- sNbv-X Hcp- BWh \n-ebw- C´y-bnð- \nÀ-½n-¡m³- km-[n-¡q.- 2020ð- 40,000 saKm-hm-«v- Fó {][m-\a{´n- a³-tam-l³- kn-§ns³-d kz-]v-\w- km-£mð-¡cn-¡p-óXn-\v- Bhiy-am-b Xp-IsIm-ïv- 2020ð- Xm-]\n-eb§fn-eq-sS 1,20,-000 saKm-hm-«v- sshZyp-Xn- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³- km-[n-¡pw.- Hcp- Xm-]\n-ebw- (Ið-¡cn- C\v-[\am-bn- D]tbm-Kn-¡p-óXv)- \nÀ-½n-¡Wsa¦nð- 4 hÀ-jam-Wv- icm-icn- Im-em-h[n.- Fómð- Cd¡p-aXn- sN¿p-ó Hcp- BWh dn-bm-Iv-SÀ- \nÀ-½n-¡m³- Np-cp-§n-bXv- 8 hÀ-js¯ kabsaSp-¡pw.- [\\jv-S¯n-\v- ]p-dsa kab\jv-Shpw- \½Ä- kln-¡Wsaóv- Np-cp-¡w.- Cóv- {Km-ao-W taJebn-se sshZypXn- hn-XcW¯n-\v- {]m-ap-Jyw- \ð-In-s¡m-ïm-Wv- H«p-an-¡ kw-kv-Ym-\§fpw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-óXv.- Ctóhsc sshZyp-Xn- F¯m-¯ Bbn-c¡W¡n-\v- {Km-a§Ä- C´y-bn-ep-ïv.- ]e kw-kv-Ym-\§fn-epw- ImÀ-jn-I Bhiy-§Ä-¡m-bp-Å sshZyp-Xn- ku-P\y-am-Wv.- th\ð-¡m-e§fnð- sshZyp-Xn-£m-aw- aq-ew- ]e \Kc§fn-epw- hy-hkm-bim-eIÄ- ]q-«n-bn-Sm-dp-ïv.- C§s\bp-Å Hcp- cm-Py-¯v- Cóv- sNehp- Ip-dª sshZyp-Xn-bm-Wv- Bhiyw.- Ið-¡cn- C\v-[\am-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó Hcp- Xm-]\n-eb¯nð-\n-ópw- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS hn-e Hcp- bq-Wn-än-\v- 2.-50 cq-]bm-Wv.- Xm-]\n-eb§Ä- kv-Yn-Xn-sN¿p-ó {]tZi§f\p-kcn-¨v- CXnð- hy-Xym-k§Ä- Dïm-tb¡mw.- F¦n-epw- icm-icn- hn-e 2.-50 cq-]bm-Wv.- C´y³- km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-bpw- C´y³- D]IcW§fpw- D]tbm-Kn-¨v- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó BWh dn-bm-Iv-Sdn-se sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS hn-e Hcp- bq-Wn-än-\v- 3.-90 cq-]bm-Wv.- Cd¡p-aXn- sN¿p-ó dn-bm-Iv-Sdp-IÄ- D]tbm-Kn-¨v- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS hn-ebm-hs« Hcp- bq-Wn-än-\v- 5.-50 cq-]bpw.- Atacn-¡bnð-\n-ópw- C´y-bn-te¡v- Cd¡p-aXn-sN¿m³- t]m-hp-óXv- k¼p-jv-S bp-td\n-bw- C\v-[\am-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó sseäv- hm-«À- dn-bm-Iv-Sdp-IÄ- Bbn-cn-¡pw.- k¼p-jv-S bp-td\n-b¯n-s³-d hn-e DbÀ-ómð- Cd¡p-aXn-sNbv-X BWh \n-eb§Ä- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS hn-ebpw- Dbcpw.- DbÀ-ó hn-esIm-Sp-¯v- Cu- sshZyp-Xn- hm-§m³- cm-Pyw- \nÀ-_\v-[n-Xam-hpw.- Cdm³-þ]m-¡n-kv-Ym³-þC´y- hm-XI ss]¸v-sse³?- Cu- kz-]v-\]²Xn- Ct¸m-gpw- {Xn-i¦p-hnð-Xsó.- Cós¯ km-lNcy-¯nð- Gähpw- {][m-\s¸« DuÀ-Pv-Pw- Xm-]sshZyp-Xn-tbm,- PesshZyp-Xn-tbm- BWthmÀ-Pv-Ptam- Añ,- sslt{Um- ImÀ-_Wm-Wv- .- tem-Iw- sslt{Um- ImÀ-_Wn-te¡v- am-dn-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-óp.- hm-l\tam-Sn-¡m-\pw- ]m-NIw- sN¿m-\p-sañmw- F®bpw- ]m-NIhm-XIhpw- thWw.- C´y- Ct¸mÄ- D]tbm-Kn-¡p-ó BWthmÀ-Pv-Pw- shdpw- 3% am-{Xam-sW¦nð- sslt{Um- Im-À-_¬- 44.-9% BWv.- (36.-0% F®bpw- 8.-9% {]Ir-Xn-hm-XIhpw).- 2015 Hm-sS Akw-kv-Ir-X F®bp-sS {]Xn-Zn-\ D]tbm-Kw- 45 e£w- - _m-cð-hsc DbÀ-tó¡mw.- Cu- km-lNcy-¯n-em-Wv- C´y-¡v- sslt{Um- ImÀ-_¬- \ð-Im³- Cdm³- kÀ-¡mÀ- kó²am-bXv.- Cdm-\n-se ]cmkv- hm-XItaJebnð-\n-ópw- ]m-¡n-kv-Ym-\n-se kn-\v-[v,- _eq-Nn-kv-Ym³- {]hn-iy-Isf _\v-[n-¸n-¡p-ó Cdm³-þ]m-¡n-kv-Ym³-þC´y- hm-XI ss]¸v-sse³- ]²Xn-¡m-bp-Å NÀ-¨IÄ- Bcw-`n-¨v- Hcp- ]Xn-äm-tïm-fam-bn.- ]m-¡n-kv-Ym³- Cdm-\p-am-bn- [m-cWbn-se¯n-bn-«pw- C´y- aSn-¨p-\nð-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- Atacn-¡³- k½À-±w-Xsóbm-Wv- bYmÀ-YIm-cWw.- 123 Icm-dn-s³-d `m-Kam-bp-Å Atacn-¡³- sslUv- BIv-Snð- Cdm³- {]iv-\¯nð- C´y- ssIs¡m-tÅï \n-e]m-Sv- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-óp-ïv.- Cdm³- {]iv-\¯nð- C´y- Atacn-¡tbm-sSm-¸am-hWsaóv- Atacn-¡³- kÀ-¡mÀ- \n-jv-IÀ-jn-¡p-óp.- C´y-bp-sS hn-tZi\bw- C\n- Atacn-¡¡m-cs³d ssIIfn-em-bn-cn-¡p-saóv- sslUv- BIv-Sn-se 104 Pn- (2),- C)- (1)- Fóo- hy-hkv-YIÄ- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-óp.- Cu- hy-hkv-YIÄ- {]Im-cw- C´y-bp-sS hn-tZi\bw- icn-bm-b Zn-ibn-em-tWm- t]m-hp-óXv- FóXp- kw-_\v-[n-¨v- Atacn-¡³- {]kn-Uïv- tIm¬-{Kkn-\v- hmÀ-jn-I dn-t¸mÀ-«v- \ð-IWw.- Cu- hmÀ-jn-I dn-t¸mÀ-«nð- Cdm³- þ ]m-¡n-kv-Ym³-þC´y- hm-XI ss]¸v-sse³- ]²Xn-bp-am-bn- C´y- ap-tóm-«v- t]m-hp-Ibm-sWó ]cm-aÀ-iw- Dïm-hm-sX t\m-t¡ïXv- Atacn-¡³- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³-d am-{Xañ,- C´y³- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³-dbpw- ISabm-Wv.- hm-XI ss]¸v-sse³- ]²Xn-bnð-\n-ópw- ]n³-am-dn-sbóv- ]cky-am-bn- {]Jym-]n-¡m³- a³-tam-l³-knw-Kv- _p-²n-ap-«p-ïv.- A\´am-b NÀ-¨IÄ- \S¯n- Cu- hn-jbw- \o-«n-s¡m-ïp-t]m-hp-I FóXm-Wv- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³-d X{´w.- kp-Xm-cy-X?- BWh Icm-dp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸« Fñm- Im-cy-§fpw- kp-Xm-cy-am-sWóv- {][m-\a{´n- a³-tam-l³-knw-Kv- BhÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óp.- Fómð- bm-YmÀ-°yw- adn-¨m-Wv.- 123 Icm-dn-s³-d Im-cy-saSp-¡mw.- Atacn-¡³- tIm¬-{Kkv- NÀ-¨sN¿p-óXn-\m-bn- tIm¬-{Kkv- Aw-K§Ä-¡v- Icm-dn-s³-d IcSv- hn-XcWw-sNbv-X L«¯nð-t]m-epw- C´y-bnð- IcSv- clky-tcJbm-bn-cp-óp.- Hcp- hn-tZi Icm-dn-s³-d ]IÀ-¸v- ]cky-s¸Sp-¯p-óXv- A´m-cm-jv-{S acym-ZIfp-sS ew-L\am-sWóm-bn-cp-óp- hn-tZiIm-cy-a{´n- {]W_v- ap-JÀ-Pn-bp-sS `m-jyw.- A´m-cm-jv-{S BWthmÀ-Pv-P GP³-kn-bp-am-bn- tI{µkÀ-¡mÀ- H¸n-Sm³- t]m-hp-ó C´ym- tI{µo-Ir-X kp-c£m- am-\ZWv-UIcm-dn-s³-d Ahkv-Ybpw- CXp-Xsó.- Icm-dn-s³-d IcSv- bp-]n-FþCSXp-]£ cm-jv-{So-bIm-cy-kan-Xn- tbm-K¯nð- shbv-¡n-sñóm-Wv- tI{µ¯n-s³-d \n-e]m-Sv.- AtXkabw,- sFFCFbp-sS Aw-Ko-Im-cw- e`n-¡Wsa¦nð- ap³-Iq-«n- sFFCF t_mÀ-Uv- Hm-^v- KhÀ-tWgv-kn-se Aw-K§Ä-¡v- IcSv- hn-XcWw-sN¿Ww.- A§s\ hn-tZin-bp-sS I¿nð- Icm-dn-s³-d IcSv- F¯p-t¼mÄ- tI{µkÀ-¡mÀ- kz-tZin-Ifnð-\n-ópw- IcSv- ad¨p-]n-Sn-¡p-óp.- C¯cw- Hfn-¨p-Ifn-bn-eq-sS Bcp-sS Xmð-]cy-am-Wv- kÀ-¡mÀ- kw-c£n-¡p-óXv?- BWh Icm-dn-s³-d Kp-Wt`m-Iv-Xm-¡Ä- Atacn-¡bn-sebpw- C´ybn-sebpw- Ip-¯I I¼\n-Ifm-bn-cn-¡pw- BWh Icm-dn-s³-d Kp-Wt`m-Iv-Xm-¡Ä.- BWh dn-bm-Iv-Sdp-IÄ- \nÀ-½n-¡p-ó h³-In-S I¼\n-Isfñmw- BtKm-fXe¯nð- h³- {]Xn-k\v-[n- t\cn-Sp-Ibm-Wv.- 1994\p-tijw- Atacn-¡bnð- Hcp- BWh dn-bm-Iv-SÀ-t]m-epw- \nÀ-½n-¨n-«n-ñ.- BWh dn-bm-Iv-Sdp-IÄ- \nÀ-½n-¡p-óXv- h³- \jv-S I¨hSam-sWóv- ap-Xem-fn-¯ cm-Py-§Ä-¡v- \óm-bn- Adn-bmw.- Atacn-¡bn-se ]q-«n-¡n-S¡p-óXpw- \jv-S¯n-tem-Sp-óXp-am-b I¼\n-IÄ-¡v- ]p-\cp-Pv-Po-hn-¡Wsa¦nð- Cu- BWhIcmÀ- \S¸n-em-hWw.- C´y-bS¡ap-Å aq-ómw-tem-I cm-Py-§sf sIm-ÅbSn-¨mð- am-{Xta ChÀ-¡v- \n-e\nð-¡m-\m-hq.- t\cs¯ ]eXhW IcmÀ- \S¸n-em-¡p-óXn-\m-bn- kab]cn-[n- \n-iv-Nbn-¨n-cp-ó Atacn-¡³- kÀ-¡mÀ- Ct¸mÄ- P\p-hcn- 20hsc Im-¯n-cn-¡m³- X¿m-dm-sWóv- ]dbp-óp.- dn-¸»n-¡òmÀ-- `cn-¨m-epw- sUtam-{Im-äp-IÄ- `cn-¨m-epw- Atacn-¡³- `cWIq-S§sf \n-b{´n-¡p-óXv- h³-In-S Ip-¯IIfp-sS Xmð-]cy-§Ä- Xsóbm-Wv.- C´y-sb sIm-ÅbSn-¡p-óXn-\m-bp-Å kp-hÀ-®m-hkcw- ]m-gm-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-óXn-\m-bn- F{XIm-ew- Im-¯n-cn-¡m-\pw- ChÀ- X¿m-dm-Wv.- tI{µkÀ-¡m-cn-s³-d Xmð-]cy-§sf \n-b{´n-¡p-óXpw- hy-hkm-b `o-a³-am-cm-Wv.- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- taJebn-epw- {]Ir-Xn-hm-XI taJebn-epw- CXn-\Iw-Xsó B[n-]Xyw- Dd¸n-¨ dn-eb³-kn-s³-d ASp-¯e£yw- BWthmÀ-Pv-PtaJebm-Wv.- BWhIcm-dn-\v- ]n-dIn-se AWn-bd \o-¡§Ä-¡v- Np-¡m³-]n-Sn-¡p-óXv- dn-eb³-kv- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å `o-a³-am-cm-Wv.- kÀ-¡mÀ- Xm-sg ho-Wm-epw-icn,- BWhIcmÀ- \S¸n-em-¡n-tbXo-cq- Fóv- {][m-\a{´n- a³-tam-l³-knw-Kv- hm-in-]n-Sn-¡m-\p-Å Hcp- Im-cWhpw- CXp-Xsóbm-Wv.- CHINTHA Iyq-_: tkm-jy-en-k¯n-s³-d hgn-bpw- hgn-Im-«n-bpw- s{]m-^.- hn.-F³- ap-cfn- tkm-jy-en-kv-äv- Iyq-_ 2009ð- A¼Xp-hÀ-jw- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-óp.- Iyq-_bv-¡v- sFIy-ZmÀ-Vyw- {]Jym-]n-¡m³- 2008 Pq¬- 14,- 15 Xo-bXn-Ifnð- {io-e¦³- Xekv-Ym-\am-b sIm-fw-t_m-bnð- tNÀ-ó \m-em-aXv- Gjym- s]k^n-Iv- Iyq-_³- sFIy-ZmÀ-Vy- kt½f\w- Gsd BthiIcam-bn-cp-óp.- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-s³-d hgn-bpw- hgn-Im-«n-bp-am-Wv- Iyq-_sbópw- tem-Is¯hn-sSbp-ap-Å a\p-jy-kv-t\ln-IÄ- Iyq-_tbm-sSm-¸ap-ïm-Ip-saópw- kt½f\w- {]Jym-]n-¨p.- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-\p- XSbn-Sm³- km-{am-Py-Xzw- \S¯p-ó AXn-lo-\am-b X{´§sf kt½f\w- A]e]n-¨p.- ]Xn-s\«p- cm-Py-§fnð-\n-óm-bn- \m-\q-tdm-fw- {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifm-Wv- kt½f\¯nð- ]s¦Sp-¯Xv.- {io-e¦bn-se `cW]£¯pw- {]Xn-]£¯p-ap-Å ]mÀ-«n-IÄ- kt½f\hp-am-bn- klIcn-¨n-cp-óp.- C´y-bnð-\n-ópw- sam-¯w- 39 {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifm-Wp-ïm-bn-cp-óXv.- Iyq-_ sFIy-ZmÀ-Vy- tZio-bkan-Xn- I¬-ho-\À- F hn-Pbcm-Lh³- Fw- ]n- DZv-Lm-S\ kt½f\¯nð- hn-tZi¯p-\n-só¯n-bhsc {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¨v- kw-km-cn-¨p.- tIcf¯nð-\n-ópw- hn-hn-[ ]p-tcm-Ka\ kw-LS\Ifp-sS {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifm-bn- ]¯p-t]À- ]s¦Sp-¯p.- 2009 P\p-hcn-bnð- Iyq-_³- hn-¹h¯n-s³-d A¼Xmw- hmÀ-jn-Iw- tem-Is¯¼m-Spw- BtLm-jn-¡m³-t]m-hp-Ibm-Wv.- AXn-\v- sXm-«p-ap-¼m-bn- \S¡p-ó kt½f\w- Fó {]m-[m-\yw- sIm-fw-t_m- kt½f\¯n-\p- e`n-¨p.- sN Kp-thcbp-sS 80þmw- PòhmÀ-jn-I kµÀ-`saó {]m-[m-\y-hpw- {i²n-¡s¸«p.- {io-e¦³- a{´n- kn-cn-tk\bm-Wv- kt½f\w- DZv-Lm-S\w-sNbv-XXv.- {io-e¦³- ssien-bn-em-bn-cp-óp- DZv-Lm-S\w.- ]c¼cm-KX Iem-cq-]§Ä,- hn-f¡p-sIm-fp-¯v,- shän-e\ð-In- kzo-IcWw.-- Fñmw- Ncn-{Xap-d§p-ó {io-e¦sb¡p-dn-¨v- Nn-´n-¡m³- {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ-¡v- t{]cW\ð-In.- {io-e¦ Iïmð- asäm-cp- tIcfsató tXm-óp-Ibp-Åq.- GXm-sïñmw- Hcp-t]m-se.- Fómð- tXm-¡pw-]n-Sn-¨v- ]«m-fw- tdm-Up-\o-sf \nð-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv- {io-e¦³- {]iv-\w- HmÀ-½bnð- hcn-I.- ISp-¯ kp-c£m- kw-hn-[m-\§fm-sWhn-sSbpw.- kt½f\kv-Ye¯pw- ico-c]cn-tim-[\ Ign-tª lm-fnð- {]thin-¡m³- Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-óp-Åp.- Iyq-_bnð- \n-só¯n-b {]Xn-\n-[n- kw-L¯n-s³-d Xeh³- tUm.- Ckv-sabnð- ¢mÀ-¡v,- tkm-jy-en-kv-äv- Iyq-_bp-sS t]m-cm-«§fpw- t\Sn-b hfÀ-¨bpw- hn-hcn-¨p.- bp-²w- Pbn-¡p-óXp- am-{Xañ hn-¹hw- FóXm-Wv- Im-kv-t{Sm- Iyq-_³- P\Xsb HmÀ-½n-¸n-¨ {][m-\ XXzw.- cm-jv-{So-bþkm-¼¯n-Iþkm-aq-ly- cw-K§fnð- \n-c´cw- \S¯p-ó kac]c¼cIfn-eq-sSbm-Wv- hn-¹hw- km-[y-am-Ip-óXv.- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b³- XIÀ-ón-«pw- XIcm-sX Iyq-_ hn-¹h¯n-s³-d Ac\q-äm-ïv- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- AXv-`p-XIcam-b t\«§Ä- Iyq-_ tkm-jy-en-kv-äp-hgn-bn-eq-sS t\Sn-sbSp-¯p.- ap-Xem-fn-¯cm-Py-§Ä- kr-jv-Sn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-óXv- k¼óòm-scbpw- AXn-k¼óòm-scbp-am-Wv. Fómð- Iyq-_ Fñm- P\§fp-sSbpw- kaam-b hfÀ-¨ ssIhcn-¨p.- Btcm-Ky-þhn-Zym-`ym-k þ Im-bn-I taJeIfnð- aäp- cm-Py-§sf¡mÄ- Gsd ap-ón-em-Wv- Ct¸mÄ- Iyq-_.- Iyq-_³- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-s³-d Gähpw- hen-b t\«w- \ñ hn-Zym-`ym-kw- Fñm- P\§fp-sSbpw- AhIm-iam-sWóv- kv-Ym-]n-¡m³- Ign-ªXm-Wv.- AXn-\p-thïn-bp-Å ITn-\am-b t]m-cm-«w- Iyq-_³- P\X \S¯n.- Cóv- Iyq-_bn-se 99.-8% P\§fpw- km-£ccm-Wv.- kÀ-ÆIem-im-em- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- Iyq-_³- P\Xbp-sS ho-«p-]Sn-¡se¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯Xpw- tkm-jy-en-kam-Wv.- Iyq--_bn-se 18\pw- 24\pw- CSbv-¡v- {]m-bap-Åhcnð- 69.-2% Cóv- kÀ-ÆIem-im-em- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Ifm-Wv.- tem-I¯n-seXsó Gähpw- DbÀ-ó \n-c¡m-Wn-sXtómÀ-¡p-I.- Btcm-Ky-taJebp-sS hfÀ-¨bpw- aäp- cm-Py-§Ä-¡v- am-Xr-Ibm-Wv.- tem-Is¯hn-sS Zp-c´ap-ïm-bm-epw- Ahn-sSsbñmw- Hm-Sn-sb¯m³- kZm- kó²cm-bn- \nð-¡p-óhcm-Wv- Iyq-_³- tUm-Iv-SÀ-amÀ.- kt½f\¯nð- ]s¦Sp-¯ ]m-In-kv-Ym³- {]Xn-\n-[n-bpw- {io-e¦³- {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw- ]dªX{Xbpw- Iyq-_³- saUn-¡ð- Sow- `q-I¼ kab¯pw- kp-\m-an- thfbn-epw- Ahcp-sS cm-Py-§fnð- sNbv-X tkh\§sf¸än-bm-Wv.- Atacn-¡ t_mw-_p-IÄ- Ibäp-aXn-sN¿p-t¼mÄ- Iyq-_ tUm-Iv-SÀ-am-scbm-Wv- Ibäp-aXn- sN¿p-óXv.- km-{am-Py-Xz-hpw- tkm-jy-en-khpw- hy-Xym-ks¸Sp-óXv- C¯c¯n-em-Wv.- Iyq-_bnð- sam-¯w- 70,-594 tUm-Iv-SÀ-amÀ- tPm-en-sN¿p-óp.- Ahn-Sp-s¯ P\kw-Jy-bnð- 160 t]À-¡v- Hcp- tUm-Iv-SÀ-ho-Xw- Dïv.- \q-tdm-fw- cm-Py-§fn-se Btcm-Ky-taJebnð- 37,-500 Iyq-_¡mÀ- ]Wn-sbSp-¡p-óp-ïv.- KÀ-`n-Wn-IÄ-¡v- In-«p-ó ]cn-c£bn-epw- Iyq-_ Hóm-aXp-Xsó.- 99.-9% {]khhpw- Bip-]{Xn-Ifnð- \S¡p-óp.- KÀ-`kv-YthfIfnð- 17 {]m-hiyw- tUm-Iv-SÀ-am-cp-sS ]cn-tim-[\ e`n-¡p-óp.- Im-bn-Icw-K¯pw- Iyq-_ Gsd ap-ón-em-Wv.- Ign-ª 45 hÀ-jam-bn- Atacn-¡ Iyq-_sb D]tcm-[n-¡p-óp.- Cu- D]tcm-[w- Iyq-_bv-¡p- hcp-¯n-h¨ km-¼¯n-I \jv-Sw- sNdp-Xñ.- Fón-«pw- Iyq-_ ]e cw-K¯pw- Hóm-aXm-bn.- bp.-F³.-Hbp-sS IW¡\p-kcn-¨v- tem-Is¯ Gähpw- \ñ Fgp-]Xp- cm-Py-§fnð- 51þmw- kv-Ym-\w- Iyq-_bv-¡p-ïv.- a\p-jy-hn-`htijn- hn-Ik\¯nð- Iyq-_ aäp- cm-Py-§sf¡mÄ- Gsd ap-ónð- \nð-¡p-óp.- a\p-jy-\pw- a\p-jy-\pw- X½nð- Xp-ey-Xm-t_m-[w- kr-jv-Sn-¨p-shóXm-Wv- Iyq-_bp-sS Gähpw- hen-b t\«w.- sIm-fw-t_m- kt½f\w- hn-iZam-b NÀ-¨Ifn-eq-sSbm-Wv- `m-hn- {]hÀ-¯\§Ä-¡p-Å Xo-cp-am-\§Ä- ssIs¡m-ïXv.- kt½f\ {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ- cïp- I½o-j\p-Ifm-bn- ]n-cn-ªm-bn-cp-óp- NÀ-¨.- "tkm-jy-en-kv-äv- Iyq-_bp-sS A¼Xp-hÀ-js¯ t\«§fpw- shñp-hn-fn-Ifpw-'- FóXm-bn-cp-óp- Hómw- I½o-j³- NÀ-¨sNbv-XXv.- am-[y-a§sf¸än-bm-bn-cp-óp- cïm-as¯ I½o-j³.- F hn-Pbcm-Lh³,- ]n.-BÀ.- Ir-jv-W³,- {io-cm-aIr-jv-W³,- sI sI ssieP So-¨À,- tkm-Wn- _n- sX§aw,- ]n- sI _n-Pp,- k®n-¡p-«n- Xp-S§n-bhÀ- NÀ-¨bnð- ]s¦Sp-¯p.- Atacn-¡ Ct¸m-gpw- XShnð- ]mÀ-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-ó 5 Iyq-_³- t]m-cm-fn-Isf DS³- tam-Nn-¸n-¡Wsaóv- kt½f\w- Bhiy-s¸«p.- CXp- kw-_\v-[n-¨v- {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ- Iq-«am-bn- H¸n-« _m-\À- s]m-Xp-kt½f\¯nð-h¨v- Iyq-_³- sUen-tKj\v- ssIam-dn.- Atacn-¡ Iyq-_bv-s¡Xn-sc GÀ-s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-ó D]tcm-[w- ]n³-hen-¡Wsaó {]tabhpw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p.- Iyq-_bv-s¡Xn-sc IÅ {]Nm-cWw- \S¯p-ó ap-Jy-[m-cm- am-[y-a§Ä-s¡Xn-sc Icp-Xn-bn-cn-¡m³- kam-[m-\ t{]an-Itfm-Sv- kt½f\w- A`yÀ-°n-¨p.- CeIv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv- am-[y-a§fpÄ-s¸sS Fñm- B[p-\n-I km-[y-XIfpw- {]tbm-P\s¸Sp-¯n- _Zð- {]NcWw- \S¯Wsaópw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p.- tem-Is¯¼m-Spw- \S¡p-ó km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² t]m-cm-«§fp-sS Hcp- {]Xo-Iam-bn-«m-Wv- Iyq-_ Cóv- \n-esIm-Åp-óXv.- em-än-\tacn-¡bnð- Cóv- Im-Wp-ó tkm-jy-en-kv-äv- ap-tóä§fnð- Iyp-_ \ð-Ip-ó {]tNm-Z\hp-ap-ïv.- km-{am-Py-Xzw- cm-Py-§sfbpw- P\§sfbpw- X½n-eSn-¸n-¡m-\pw- `n-ón-¸n-¡m-\pw- \S¯p-ó Kq-V\o-¡§Ä- Xn-cn-¨dn-ªp- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m-\pw- {]Xn-Icn-¡m-\pw- sIm-fw-t_m- kt½f\w- DuÀ-Pw -]Icp-óp.- "tkm-jy-en-kw- Asñ¦nð- acWw-'- Fó ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-hp-am-bn- ap-tódp-ó Iyp-_ C\n-bpw- Iq-Sp-Xð- Iq-Sp-Xð- hn-Pb§fn-te¡v- Ip-Xn-¡p-saóXnð- kw-iban-ñ.- s]m-Xp-kt½f\t¯m-Spw- Xp-SÀ-óp-Å Iem-]cn-]m-Sn-Itfm-Spw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- cïp-Zn-hks¯ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ- kam-]n-¨Xv.- ASp-¯ kt½f\w- em-thm-knð- tNcm-\pw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p.- tIcf¯nð- \n-só¯n-b {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ-¡v- sIm-fw-t_m- aebm-fn- kam-Pw- \ð-In-b lr-Zy-am-b kzo-IcWw- asäm-cp- sFIy-s¸Sem-bn- am-dn.- CHINTHA k-am-\-X-bn-ñm-sX- _w-KmÄ- C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn- `-c-Ww- 32þmw- hÀ-j-¯n-te-¡v- tKm-]n,- sImð-¡-¯- kp-kv-Yn-c-X-bp-tS-bpw- hn-I-k-\-¯n-tâ-bpw- {]-Xo-I-am-b- _w-KmÄ- C-S-Xp-ap-ón- kÀ-¡mÀ- Pq-¬- 21\v- 32mw- h-b-Ên-te-¡v- I-S-óp.- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- N-cn-{X-¯nð- k-am-\-X-I-fn-ñm-¯- Cu- t\-«w- P-\-§Ä- kv-t\-ln-¡p-ó,- P-\-§-sf- kv-t\-ln-¡p-ó- H-cp- cm-jv-{So-b- X-Xz-kw-ln-X-bp-sS- A-`q-X-]qÀ-h-am-b- hn-P-bw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- 31 hÀ-jw- \nÀ-hn-Lv-\w- `-c-Ww- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-b- kn-]n-sF-Fw-sâ- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- K-h-¬sa-âv- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- `-c-W- kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp-sS- N-cn-{X-¯nð- X-só- Xn-f-§p-ó- A-[ym-b-am-Wv.- 1977 Pq-¬- 21\v- _w-Km-fn-sâ- `-c-W-km-c-Yyw- G-sÁ-Sp-¯- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- H-cn-¡-epw- X-I-cm-¯- P-\-]n-´p-W-bp-am-bm-Wv- I-gn-ª- aq-óp- Z-im-_v-Z-¯n-te-sd-bm-bn- {]-bm-Ww- Xp-S-cp-ó-Xv.- 1977\p- ti-jw- kw-Øm-\-¯p- \-S-ó- F-ñm- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸p-I-fn-epw- h-³ `q-cn-]-£-am-Wv- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- 2006 ta-bnð- \-S-ó- \n-b-a- k-`m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-epw- \m-enð- aq-óp- `q-cn-]-£w- \ð-In-sIm-ïm-Wv- hw-K- P-\-X- G-gm-a-Xpw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-sb- A-[nIm-c-¯n-te-Án-b-Xv.- \n-b-a-k-`-bnð- B-sI-bp-Å- 294 ko-Áp-I-fnÄ- 235 Dpw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-¡m-Wv- e-`n-¨-Xv.- A-Xm-b-Xv- F-¬]-Xv- i-X-am-\w- ko-Áp-IÄ.- kn.-]n.-sF.-Fw-\v- H-Á-¡v- 176 ko-Áp-IÄ- e-`n-¨p.- F-gp-]-Xp- i-X-am-\-¯nð- Ip-d-hv- ko-Áp-IÄ- H-cn-í-epw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-ív- e-`n-¨n-«n-ñ.- Cu- Im-e-L-«-¯nð- tZ-io-b- X-e-¯n-epw- F-ñm- kw-Øm-\-§-fn-epw- ]-e- `-c-W- am-Á-§-fpw- kw-`-hn-s¨-¦n-epw- A-Xn-s\m-c-]-hm-Z-am-bn-«m-Wv- _w-KmÄ- \n-e-sIm-Åp-ó-Xv.- H-cp- cm-jv-{So-b- kp-\m-an-¡pw- X-IÀ-¡m-³ I-gn-bm-¯hn[w- kp-kv-Yn-c-am-bn- C-S-Xp-]-£- `-c-W-s¯- _w-KmÄ- P-\-X- Im-¯p- kq-£n-¨p.- Iq-«p-ap-ó-Wn- `-c-W-¯n-\pw- C-´y-¡p- am-{X-a-ñ- tem-I-¯n-\p- X-só- _w-KmÄ- am-Xr-I-bm-bn.- tem-I-s¯m-cn-S-¯pw- C-{X- ZoÀ-L-Im-ew- H-cp- cm-jv-{So-b- Iq-«p-sI-«pw- `-c-Ww- \-S-¯n-b- N-cn-{Xw- tI-«-dn-hnð- t]m-ep-an-ñ.- hn-[zw-k-I-tc-bpw- cm-Py-t{Zm-ln-I-tf-bpw- {]-Xn-tem-a- i-àn-I-tf-bpw- Iq-«p-]n-Sn-¨p- sIm-ïv- cm-jv-{So-b- {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-IÄ- ]-e-X-h-W- A-c-t§-dn-b- A-«n-a-dn- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-sf- i-à-am-bn- t\-cn-«p-sIm-ïm-Wv- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- `-c-W-s¯- kw-Øm-\- P-\-X- kw-c-£n-¡p-ó-Xv.- tem-I-s¯m-s«m-sI- hy-h-Øm-]n-X- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-s\-Xn-sc- {]-Xn-I-cn-¨p- sIm-ïv- P-\w- `-c-Ws¯- A-«n-a-dn-¡p-ó-Xv- km-[m-c-W- kw-`-h-am-W-¦nð- A-Xn-epw- _w-KmÄ- hy-Xy-kv-X- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv- kzo-I-cn-¡p-ó-Xv.- `-c-W- hn-cp-²- X-cwKw- F-ó-Xv- C-hn-sS- tI-«-dn-hp- am-{X-am-Wv.- _w-Km-fn-se- C-t¸m-g-s¯- A-ôp- tIm-Sn-bn-e-[n-Iw- h-cp-ó- thm-«À-am-cnð- _-lp-`q-cn-`m-K-hpw- 1977ð C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- A-[n-Im-c-¯nð- h-ó-Xn-\p- ti-jw- thm-«-h-Im-iw- t\-Sn-b-h-cm-Wv.- C-t¸mÄ- ap-¸-Xp- h-b-Êv- I-gn-ª- _w-Km-fn-se- G-sXm-cm-fpw- P-\-\w- ap-Xð- Im-Wp-ó-Xpw- kn.-]n.-sF- Fw- sâ- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å- C-SXp-]-£- `-c-Ww- am-{Xw.- A-Xn-\v- H-cp- am-Á-ap-ïm-¡p-ó-Xn-s\- Ip-dn-¨v- A-hÀ-¡v- C-Xp-h-sc- Nn-´n-t¡-ï- B-h-iy-hpw- D-ïm-bn-«n-ñ.- 1977\p- ap-¼v- C-hn-sS- \n-e-\n-ón-cp-ó- In-cm-X- {Iq-c-`-c-W-¯n-sâ- Xn-àm-\p-`-h-§Ä- C-ópw- sR-«-tem-sS- am-{Xw- HmÀ-¡p-ó- X-§-fp-sS- ]qÀ-Æn-I-cnð- \n-ópw- tI-«dn-hn-eq-sS- e-`n-¨- hn-h-cw- A-hÀ- a-\-Ênð- t]-dp-óp. am-{X-a-ñ- Im-e-L-«-¯n-\-\p-k-cn-¨v- kw-Øm-\-s¯- k-a-{K-am-b- hn-I-k-\- ]-Ùm-hn-eq-sS- \-bn-¡p-ó- C-S-Xp-]-£-s¯- am-Án- \nÀ-¯n- a-sÁm-cp- I-£n-sb- A-h-tcm-[n-t¡-ï- cm-jv-{So-b- ]-cn-Xx-Øn-Xn- C-hn-sS- D-S-se-Sp-¯n-«n-ñ.- C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn¡v- _-Zð- C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn- am-{X-sa-bp-Åp.- hn-I-k-\-¯nð- Gä-hpw- ]n-´-Å-s¸-«p- In-S-ón-cp-ó- _w-KmÄ- C-óp- ]-e-cw-K-¯pw- cm-Py-¯n-\p- X-só- am-Xr-I-bm-bn.- `q-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-hpw ImÀ-jn-I- t\-«-§-fpw ]-ôm-b-¯p-cm-Ppw,- hn-Zym-`ym-k-hn-I-k-\-hpw B-tcm-Ky- ]-cn-]m-e-\-hpw- ssh-Zyp-Xn-bpð-¸m-Z-\-hpw- hy-h-km-b-hð-¡-c-W-hpw- hn-h-c-km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpw- a-X-ku-lmÀ-±-hp-sam-s¡- tNÀ-óv- _w-KmÄ- C-t¸mÄ _-lp-Zq-cw- ap-tóm-«p- t]m-bn.- Ir-jn-¡pw- hyh-km-b-¯n-\pw- Xp-ey- {]m-[m-\yw- \ð-In-s¡m-ïp-Å- hn-I-k-\- ]-²-Xn-I-fm-Wv- C-t¸mÄ- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- \-S-¸m-¡p-ó-Xv.- Ir-jn-bn-ep-ïm-¡n-b- h-³ t\-«w- \n-e- \nÀ-¯n-s¡m-ïv- hymh-km-bn-I-am-bn- kw-Øm-\-s¯- H-ómw- \n-c-bn-te-¡v- \-bn-¡p-hm-\p-Å- {]-b-Xv\-am-Wv- C-t¸mÄ- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- ap-Jy- A-P-ï.- I-gn-ª- G-Xm-\pw- hÀ-j-§-fm-bn- h-³ tXm-Xnð- \n-t£-]w- _w-Km-fn-te-¡v- H-gp-Ip-óp.- hy-h-km-b- hn-I-k-\-¯n-\v- a-säñmbn-S-t¯-¡m-fpw- A-\p-Iq-e- ]-cn-X-xØn-Xn-bm-Wv- C-hn-sS- kr-jv-Sn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.- B-[p-\n-I- bp-K-¯n-sâ- B-h-iy-am-b- hn-h-c- km-t¦-Xn-I- hn-Zym- hy-h-km-b- cw-K-¯v- h-³ Ip-Xn-¨p- Nm-«-am-Wv- _w-KmÄ- \-S-¯p-ó-Xv.- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- h-³ tXmXnð- hn-I-kn-¨-Xn-\mð- A-`y-kv-X-hn-Zy-cp-sS-bn-S-bnð- hÀ-²n-¨p- h-cp-ó- sXm-gn-en-ñmbv-a-¡v- ]-cn-lm-cw- Im-Wm-³ h-³ tXm-Xnð- hy-h-km-b-hð-¡-c-Ww- \-S-t¡-ï-Xp-ïv.- A-Xn-\p-Å- Xo-{h- {i-a-am-Wv- K-h-¬sa-âv- \-S-¯p-ó-Xv.- Cu- bm-YmÀ-Yyw- Im-Wm-sX-bp-Å- t]mÀ- hn-fn-bp-am-Wv- hy-h-km-b-hð-¡-c-W- hn-I-k-\-¯n-s\n-sc- {]-Xn-]-£w- C-t¸mÄ- D-d-ªp- Xp-Åp-ó-Xv.- Ir-jn-`q-an- h-³ tXm-Xnð- G-sÁ-Sp-¡p-óp-sh-ó- hym-P- {]-N-c-W-hpw- X-Ir-Xn-bm-bn- \-S-¯p-óp.- ]-e- A-]-hm-Z-§-fpw- A-h- AÀ-ln-¡p-ó- {]m-[m-\r-t¯msS- X-Ån-¡-f-ª- _w-KmÄ- P-\-X- C-Xn-\pw- A-tX- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-Wv- \ð-Ip-ó-Xv.- sa-bv amk¯nð- \-S-ó- ]-ôm-b-¯v- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸nð- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn¡v- A-{]-Xo-£n-X-am-bn- Nn-e- Pn-ñ-I-fnð- Xn-cn-¨-Sn-bp-ïm-bn.- F-ñm- {]-Xn-tem-a- i-àn-I-fpw- C-S-Xp- þ h-e-Xv- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fpw- hÀ-Ko-b- ]n-´n-cn-¸-³am-cpw- H-s¯m-cp-an-¨m-Wv- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-s¡-Xn-sc- A-Wn-\n-c-ó-Xv.- {]m-tZ-in-I-am-b- Nn-e- {]-iv-\-§-fpw- L-S-I-I-£n-IÄ- X-½nð- ]qÀ-W- tbm-Pn-¸pw- D-ïm-¡m-³ I-gn-bm-Xn-cp-ó-Xpw- aqew C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn¡v- Nne-bn-S-§-fnð- ]-cm-P-bw- G-Áp-hm-t§-ïn- h-óp.- F-ómð- C-S-Xp- hn-cp-²À- sIm-«n-tLm-jn-¡p-ó-Xp- t]m-se- C-S-Xp-apó-Wn-bp-sS- P-\-Io-b- A-Sn-¯-d¡v- Im-cy-am-b- H-cp- tIm-«-hpw- kw-`-hn-¨n-«n-ñ.- 2006 sa-bnð- \-S-ó- \n-b-a- k-`m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸p-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-¿p-t¼mÄ- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- thm-«nð- Ip-d-h-ñ- hÀ-²-\-hm-Wp-ïm-b-Xv.- ]-ôm-b-¯v- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸nð- sam-¯w- t]mÄ- sN-bv-X-Xn-sâ- 52.-5 i-X-am-\w- thm-«pw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-¡p- X-só-bm-Wv- e-`n-¨-Xv.- 2006ð- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn¡v- 51.-3 i-X-am-\w- thm-«m-bn-cp-óp- e-`n-¨-Xv.- Pn-ñm-]-cn-j-¯nð- 69.-25 i-X-am-\-hpw- ]-ôm-b-¯v- k-an-Xn-bnð- 56.-2 i-X-am-\-hpw- {Km-a-]-ôm-b-¯nð- 52.-30 i-X-am-\-hpw- ko-Áp-I-fpw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-X-só-bm-Wv- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- I-W-¡p-IÄ- C-Xm-bn-«pw- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-bp-sS- ]-cm-P-bw- B-tLm-jn-¡p-ó-hÀ- F-ó-t¯-bpw- t]m-se- h-kv-Xp-X-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc-bp-Å- Ip-{]-N-c-W-am-Wv- \-S-¯p-ó-Xv.- 31 hÀ-j-s¯- `-c-W-¯nð- 23 hÀ-j-hpw- Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\- \-bn-¨-Xv- kn.-]n.-sF.- Fw- sâ- k-ap-ó-X- t\-Xm-hpw- C-t¸mÄ- ]mÀ-Sn- t]m-fn-Áv- _yq-tdm-bnð- Øn-cw- £-Wn-Xm-hp-am-b- tPym-Xn- _-kp-hm-Wv.- 2000 \-hw-_À- ap-Xð- kn.-]n.-sF.- Fw- s]m-fn-Áv- _yq-tdm-bw-K-am-b- _p-²-tZ-_v- `-«m-Nm-cy-bm-Wv- ap-Jy-a-{´n-bm-bn- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\- \-bn-¡p-ó-Xv. kn.-]n.-sF.- Fw- s]m-fn-Áv- _yq-tdm-bw-K-hpw- ]mÀ-«n- kw-Øm-\- I-½-Án- sk-{I-«-dn-bp-am-b- _n-a-³- _-kp-hm-Wv- C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn- sN-bÀ-am-³.- 1977ð C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn- cq-]w- sIm-ï-Xn-\p- ti-j-ap-Å- \m-em-a-Xp- sN-bÀ-am-\m-Wv- _n-a-³.- {]-tam-Zv- Zm-kv- Kp-]v-X,- k-tcm-Pv- ap-JÀ-Pn,- ssi-e-³ Zm-kv- Kp-]v-X- F-ón-h-cm-bn-cp-óp- ap-³]v- C-S-Xp- ap-ó-Wn¡v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \ð-In-bn-cp-ó-Xv.- H-¼-Xp- I-£n-I-fm-Wv- C-S-Xp-ap-ó-Wn-bnð- L-S-I- I-£n-I-fm-bn-«p-Å-Xv.-   CHINTHA F®hn-e hÀ-²\: IW¡n-se IÅ¡fn- Zo-]m-¦p-À- ap-JÀ-Pn- dn-eb³-kn-s³-d ]m-NI hm-XI¯n-\v- Kh¬-sa³-dv- hn-e Iq-«m³- t]m-Ip-óXm-bn- dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ- ]p-d¯p-hcp-óp.- F´m-Wv- Im-cWw?- dn-eb³-kn-s³-d k½À-±w-sIm-ïv,- Akw-kv-Ir-X F®hn-e _m-csem-ón-\v- 60 tUm-fÀ- FóXn-s\ ASn-kv-Ym-\am-¡n- 2007 sk]v-Xw-_dnð- Kym-kv- hn-e bq-Wn-äv- Hón-\v- 4.-20 tUm-fdm-bn- Kh¬-sa³-dv- \n-iv-Nbn-¨p.- AXp-sIm-ïv- BtKm-fhn-]Wn-bnð- Akw-kv-Ir-X F®hn-e Iq-Sn-bt¸mÄ- dn-eb³-kn-s³-d Kym-kn-\pw- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bn- hn-eIq-Sn.- Cd¡p-aXn-sN¿p-ó Nc¡n-\pw- Chn-sS\n-óv- J\\w- sN¿p-ó Nc¡n-\pw- Xp-ey-hn-e \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-ó k{¼Zm-bam-Wn-Xv.- B`y-´cam-bn- J\\w-sN¿p-ó F®bv-¡pw- Kym-kn-\pw- Cd¡p-aXn- sN¿s¸«Xn-\p- Xp-ey-am-b hn-e e`n-¡p-óp.- CXnð-\n-óv- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-bn- cm-Py-s¯ ]Ws¸cp-¸w- \n-b{´n-¡p-óXnð- kp-{][m-\ kv-Ym-\ap-Å DuÀ-Pv-P cm-khf hy-hkm-b§Ä-¡v- s]m-Xp-taJem- kv-Ym-]\am-b HF³-Pn-kn,- kÀ-¡mÀ- hn-e\n-b{´W kw-hn-[m-\¯n-s³-d (Administrative Price Mechanism)- ASn-kv-Ym-\¯nð- bq-Wn-säm-ón-\v- 2.-2 tUm-fÀ- \n-c¡nð- Kym-kv- \ð-Ip-óp.- kÀ-¡mÀ- hn-e\n-b{´W kw-hn-[m-\w- \ym-bam-b em-`w- t\Sp-ó,- kp-Xm-cy-hpw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- \nÀ-ÆNn-¡s¸«Xp-am-b hn-e \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-óXm-Wv.- Cu- kw-hn-[m-\¯n³-Io-gnð- BtKm-fXe¯n-se F® hn-e¡bäw- C´y-bn-se F® hn-]W\ I¼\n-IÄ-¡v- 2,-45,-000 tIm-Sn- cq-]bp-sS \jv-Sap-ïm-¡p-óp Fóv- `bs¸Sp-¯p-ó co-Xn-bnð- cm-Py-s¯ P\§tfm-Sv- ]dtbïXn-ñ.- C´y- AXn-\m-hiy-am-b sam-¯w- F®bpð-]ó§Ä- Cd¡p-aXn-sNbv-Xmð-t]m-epw- {][m-\a{´n-bp-sS A¯csam-cp- km-£y-s¸Sp-¯ð- Bhiy-an-ñ.- {][m-\a{´n-bp-sS hm-¡p-IÄ-¡p- ISIhn-cp-²am-bn- 2007þ08 hÀ-j¯n-se s]t{Sm-fn-bw,- {]Ir-Xn- hm-XI a{´m-eb¯n-s³-d hmÀ-jn-I dn-t¸mÀ-«v- A`n-am-\t¯m-sS ]dbp-óXv- B`y-´c F® J\\ I¸m-kn-än- Hcp- hÀ-jw- 148.-97 Zie£w- sa{Sn-Iv- S¬- BsWóm-Wv.- CXv- 2007 G{]nð- Hón-s\ ASn-kv-Ym-\s¸Sp-¯n-bXm-Wv.- ]m-NIhm-XIsam-gn-sIbp-Å Fñm- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- Dð-]ó§fp-sSbpw- B`y-´ccw-Ks¯ Bhiy-t¯¡m-fp-tasdbm-Wn-Xv- Fóv- A`n-am-\]qÀ-hw- AXv- AhIm-is¸Sp-óp.- IW¡p-Ifp-sS Ifn- _nsP]n-bp-sS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å F³-Un-F `cWw- kÀ-¡mÀ- hn-e\n-b{´W kw-hn-[m-\w- 2002ð- Cñm-Xm-¡n-btXm-sS as®®,- Uo-kð,- s]t{SmÄ- ]m-NIhm-XIw- Fón-hbp-sS hn-e \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-óXn-ep-Å Kh¬-sa³-dn-s³-d \n-b{´Ww- \jv-Ss¸«p.- Kh¬-sa³-dn-\I¯pw- ]p-d¯pw- kz-X{´ hn-]Wn-bp-sS hIv-Xm-¡Ä- Cd¡p-aXn- Xp-ey-X'- B`y-´cam-bn- Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-óXn-\pw- GÀ-s¸Sp-¯m³- k½À-±w-sNep-¯n.- Ip-¯IIfpw- \n-£n-]v-X Xmð-]cy-§Ä- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-ó am-[y-a§fpw- CXn-\m-bn- In-Wªp- {ian-¨p.- AXn-eq-sS dn-eb³-kv,- FkmÀ- Xp-S§n-b F® ip-²o-IcW I¼\n-IÄ-¡v- Chn-sS\n-ópw- Ip-gn-s¨Sp-¡p-ó F®bp-sS hn-esb Ih¨p-sh¨v- A´m-cm-jv-{S cw-K¯v- \n-e\nð-¡p-ó hn-e Ahcp-sS {]m-tZin-I hnð-]\im-eIÄ-hgn- t\Sm³- Ign-bp-óp.- s]m-Xp-taJebn-ep-Å F® hnð-]\ I¼\n-IÄ- kÀ-¡mÀ- hn-e\n-b{´W kw-hn-[m-\w- Im-cWam-Wv- Nn-ñd hnð-]\cw-K¯v- Ahcp-sS Np-hSp-d¸n-¨Xv.- F³-Un-F Kh¬-sa³-dv- aq-óp- s]m-Xp-taJem- kv-Ym-]\§fnð- csﮯn-s\ F¨v-]n-kn-Fð,- _n-]n-kn-Fð- kz-Im-cy-hð-¡cn-¡p-óXn-\p-thï BZy- \S]Sn-IÄ- kzo-Icn-¨p.- CSXp-]mÀ-«n-Ifpw- sXm-gn-em-fn- kw-LS\Ifpw- CXn-s\ iIv-Xn-bm-bn- FXnÀ-¯p.- Ahkm-\w- kp-{]nw-tIm-SXn- CSs]«v,- ]mÀ-esaïv- ]m-km-¡n-b \n-ba{]Im-cw- tZikm-Xv-Icn-¨ F® I¼\n-IÄ- ]mÀ-esaïn-s³-d Aw-Ko-Im-can-ñm-sX kz-Im-cy-hXv-Icn-¡cp-sXóv- ]dªv,- Kh¬-sa³-dv- \o-¡s¯ XSªp.- CSXp-]£ ]n-´p-Wtbm-sS bp-]n-F Kh¬-sa³-dv- A[n-Im-c¯nð- hót¸mÄ- \hen-_dð- \b§fp-sS hIv-Xm-¡Ä-¡v- CSXp-]£¯n-s³-d iIv-Xam-b FXnÀ-¸p-Im-cWw- kz-Im-cy-hXv-IcWw- km-[y-asñóv- t_m-[y-am-bn.- Xp-SÀ-óv- F®¡¼\n-IÄ- km-¼¯n-I {]Xn-k\v-[n-bn-em-Wv- Fóv- sshIm-cn-Iam-bn- {]Ncn-¸n-¡m³- Xp-S§n.- AXp-hsc Acp¬-jq-cn-bpw- Iq-«cp-am-bn- tNÀ-óv- s]m-Xp-taJem- F® I¼\n-IÄ- kz-Im-cy-hXv-Icn-¡m³- {ian-¨hÀ- cm-bv-¡p-cm-am-\w- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- I¼\n-Ifp-sS em-`,- \jv-S IW¡nð- tI«n-«n-ñm-¯,- km-¼¯n-I {]Xn-k\v-[n-bnð-\n-óv- tam-N\w- FóXn-s³-d hIv-Xm-¡fm-bn- am-dn.- Ahkm-\w,- {][m-\a{´n-bnð- k½À-±w-sNep-¯n- s]m-Xp- D]t`m-K¯n-s³-d ^-eam-bn- 2,-45,-000 tIm-Sn- cq-]bp-sS \jv-Sap-sïóv- IÅ¡W¡v- AhXcn-¸n-¨p.- Fhn-sS\n-óv- Cu- IW¡v- In-«n?- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- a{´m-eb¯n-s³-d {]kv-Xm-h\{]Im-cw- \jv-Sw- \n-I¯Wsa¦nð- s]t{Sm-fn-s³-d hn-e en-ädn-\v- 71 cq-]bm-¡Ww.- AXm-bXv- _m-csem-ón-\v- 256 tUm-fÀ.- Hcp- _m-cð- Akw-kv-Ir-X F® ip-²o-Icn-¡p-óXn-\v- 130 tUm-ftd sNehm-Ip-Ibp-Åp- Fón-cn-s¡ B F® Chn-Sp-s¯ Nn-ñd hnð-]\im-eIfnð- hnð-¡p-t¼mÄ- 126 tUm-fÀ- Iq-Sn- Bhiy-am-bn- hcpw- Fó IW¡v- Fhn-sS \n-óp- In-«n?- Cu- IW¡p-Isf¸än- {][m-\a{´n- t_m-[hm-\m-tWm?- Asñ¦nð,- At±ls¯ sXän-²cn-¸n-¨Xm-cm-Wv?- XoÀ-¨bm-bpw- Cu- IW¡p-IÄ- s]m-Xp-taJem- F®¡¼\n-Ifp-sS t£a¯n-\m-bn- X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXñ.- dn-eb³-kpw- FÊm-dpw- cïp-am-k§Ä-¡p-ap-¼v- s]t{Sm-fn-\pw- Uo-ken-\pw- \ym-bhn-e e`n-¡p-ón-sñóv- ]dªv- Ahcp-sS Nn-ñd hnð-]\im-eIÄ- AS¨p-]q-«n-bn-cp-óp.- bp-]n-F Kh¬-sa³-dn-\p-tað- hn-e Iq-«m-\p-Å Hcp- X{´am-bn-cp-óp- CXv.- Kh¬-sa³-dv- B k½À-±§Ä-¡p- Io-gS§n.- s]t{Sm-fn-s³-dbpw- Uo-ken-s³-dbpw- Ct¸m-gs¯ hn-ebv-s¡m-¸w- tI{µþkw-kv-Ym-\ kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ- \n-Ip-Xn-IÄ- sh«n-¡p-dbv-¡p-óXn-\p-tijw- Ahcp-sS Nn-ñd hnð-]\im-eIÄ- Xp-d¡pw- FóXnð- AXv-`p-Xs¸tSïXn-ñ.- Kh¬-sa³-dn-s³-d bm-sXm-cp-hn-[ \n-b{´Whp-an-ñm-sX \m-ep- s]t{Sm-fn-bw Dð-]ó§fpsSbpw- hn-e- Cd¡p-aXn-¡p- Xpey- \n-ehm-c¯n-se¯p-I FóXm-Wv- Ahcp-sS A´n-ae£yw.- Ahkm-\w,- kz-tZin-bpw- hn-tZin-bp-am-b kz-Im-cy- F®¡¼\n-IÄ- Ahcp-sS ip-²o-IcWim-ebp-sS hep-¸¯m-epw- It¼m-f¯nð- CS]Sm-\p-Å Ign-hn-\m-epw- aq-óv- s]m-Xp-taJem- F®¡¼\n-Isfbpw- hn-gp-§pw.- Cu- e£yw- t\Sp-óXn-\p-thïn-bm-Wv- 2,-45,-305 tIm-Sn- cq-]bp-sS IW¡p-IÄ- \n-c¯n-hn-«Xv.- Ccp-]¯n-bôp-ap-Xð- ap-¸Xv- iXam-\w-hsc Akw-kv-Ir-X F® Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-\pw- F® ip-²o-Icn-¡m³- 120 iXam-\¯n-e[n-Iw- Ign-hv- cm-Py-¯n-\I¯p-ïm-bn-cn-s¡bpw- \½Ä- \½p-sS F®hn-e \nÀ-Wb\bw- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- Dð-]ó§fp-sSbpw- Akw-kv-Ir-X F®bp-sSbpw- BtKm-f hn-ebp-am-bn- Iq-«n-t¨À-¡m³- t]m-Ip-óp-thm- FóXm-Wv- ASn-kv-Ym-\ {]iv-\w.- k¼Zv-LS\bp-sS am-t\Pv-sa³-dn-s³-d {]iv-\añ CXv,- adn-¨v- BtKm-fhXv-IcW¯n-s³-d {]iv-\am-Wv.- Cóv- s]t{Sm-fn-bw- Dð-]ó§fp-sS Cd¡p-aXn- Xp-ey-hn-ebp-sS Im-cy-am-Wv-; \m-sf AXv- ImÀ-jn-tIm-Xv-]ó§fp-sS Im-cy-¯n-em-hpw,- Ahkm-\w- Ahiy-hkv-Xp-¡fp-sS t]m-epw- hn-e \n-iv-Nbn-¡m-\p-Å \½p-sS A[n-Im-cs¯ XSbp-óXm-bn-cn-¡pw CXv.- BtKm-fhXv-IcW¯n-s³-d hr-¯n-sI« `m-Kam-Wn-Xv-þ{]Xn-Zn-\w- cïp-tUm-fÀ-t]m-epw- hcp-am-\an-ñm-¯,- kz-tZin-bpw- hn-tZin-bp-am-b Ip-¯IIÄ- \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-ó BtKm-fhn-e \ð-Im³- Ign-bm-¯ 770 e£w- Bfp-IÄ.- cm-Pyw- AXn-s³-d kzm-{ibXzw- ASn-bdsh¡m-\pw- Chn-sS Dð-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-óhbp-sS hn-e \n-iv-Nbn-¡m-\p-Å AXn-s³-d A[n-Im-cw- ]Wbs¸Sp-¯m-\pw- X¿m-sdSp-¡p-óp-thm?- tIm¬-{Kkpw- _n-sP]n-bpw- adp-]Sn- ]dbWw.- B`y-´cam-bn- \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-ó hn-etbm,- Cd¡p-aXn-¡v- Xp-ey-am-b hn-etbm?- F´m-Wv- Ahcp-sS {]Ya ]cn-KW\?- CHINTHA hn-tam-N\¯n-s³-d Zm-lw- Bïem-«v- Iayq-Wn-k¯nð-\n-óv- tIcfs¯ hn-tam-Nn-¸n-¡m-\p-Å kw-LSn-X {ia§fp-ïm-bXv- 1951 ap-Xð-¡m-Wv.- hm-kv-Xh¯nð- Iayq-Wn-kw- Chn-sS F¯p-óXn-\p-ap-¼p-Xsó AXm-cw-`n-¨n-«p-ïv.- tIm¬-{Kkv- tkm-jy-en-kv-äv- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS ]n-dhn-tbm-sS AXð-]w- iIv-Xam-bn-; tIm¬-{Kkv- kw-LS\bp-sSXsó Hcp- `m-Kam-bn; sI tIf¸³,- tIm-gn-¸p-d¯v- am-[htat\m³,- kn- sI tKm-hn-µ³-\m-bÀ- Xp-S§n-b tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xm-¡fpw- tIm¬-{Kkp-Im-c\m-b km-ap-hð- Btdm-sWt¸m-ep-Å ap-Xem-fn-am-cpw- Pòn-am-cpw- Bbn-cp-óp- t\Xm-¡Ä.- Chscm-s¡ \m-«p-Im-cm-bn-cp-óp.- 1951\p-tijw- kv-Yn-Xn-bm-sI am-dn.- Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-]mÀ-Sn- sXcsªSp-¸nð- ]s¦Sp-¡m³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨Xpw- Xp-SÀ-óp-t\Sn-b hn-Pbhpw- BWv- ]p-Xn-b kv-Yn-Xn-hn-tij¯n-\p- Im-cWw.- AtXm-sS cïn-S¯p-\n-óp-ap-Å iIv-Xam-b B{IaW¯n-\p- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv-]mÀ-Sn- hn-t[bam-bn.- Hóv- tIcf¯n-se ]Ån-Ifnð- \n-óp-am-bn-cp-óp.- AXn-\v- hn-tZi¯p-\n-óp-Å km-¼¯n-I klm-bhpw- hn-cp-²ap-óWn- Fó kw-LS\bpw- iIv-Xn-bpw- Bthihpw- ]Icm-\p-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-bp-sS cq-]o-IcWs¯¸än- ^m--ZÀ- hS¡³- tcJs¸Sp-¯n-bXv- CXm-Wv: ""kzmÀ-°X ]q-ï ap-Xem-fn-¯s¯bpw- \n-co-iz-cXzw-]q-ï Iayp-Wn-ks¯bpw- H¸w- FXnÀ-¡p-hm³- Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\w- DSseSp-¸n-¡Wsaó Bibw- B L«¯n-em-Wv- Fón-ep-Zn-¨Xv.- B³-dn- Iym-¸n-äen-kv-äv- {^ïpw- B³-dn- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- {^ïpw- Htc Hcp- {^ïm-bn- hn-«p-ho-gv-Nbn-ñm-sX kacw- sN¿Wsaóm-bn-cp-óp- Fs³-d A`n-{]m-bw.- kl{]hÀ-¯IÀ- AXv- k½Xn-¨p.- A§s\bm-Wv- 1951ð- Fkn-F^v- Fó kw-LS\ cq-]w-sIm-ïXv.''- (Fs³-d Ip-Xn-¸pw- In-X¸pw).- Iayp-Wn-kv-äv-]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS taep-Å \n-tcm-[\w- \o-¡n-; Iayp-Wn-kv-äp-]mÀ-Sn- sXcsªSp-¸nð- ]s¦Sp-¡m³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p.- sXcsªSp-¸nð- ]s¦Sp-¡p-I FóXn-\À-Yw- `cWm-[n-Im-cw- t\Sp-I FóXm-Wtñm.- AXv- tIm¬-{Kkv- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å kJy-¯n-\p- Nn-´n-¡m³-t]m-epw- h¿m-bn-cp-óp.- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv-]mÀ-Sn- Pbn-¡m³- ]m-Sn-ñþAhÀ- Dd¨p.- AXn-\p-Å {]hÀ-¯\§fpw- Xp-S§n.- sXcsªSp-¸nð- tIm¬-{Kkn-s\ hn-Pbn-¸n-¡m³- {In-kv-Xy³- ]p-tcm-ln-XÀ- hn-izm-kn-IÄ-¡n-Sbnð- BXv-ao-bX kar-²n-bm-bn- hm-cn-hn-Xdn.- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-tcm-[¯n-\p- Xo-]n-Sn-¸n-¨p.- ]Ån-bp-sS Cu- ktµiw- ^m-ZÀ- hS¡\pw- (Aóv- {_ZÀ)- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-bpw- \m-Sm-sI hn-X¨p.- ^m-ZÀ- hS¡³- Fgp-Xn.- ""1951þ52se Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n- sXcsªSp-¸v- hótXm-sS F\n-¡v- hen-b Un-am³-dm-bn.- ]e `m-Kt¯¡pw- Rm³- {]m-kw-Kn-I\m-bn-t¸m-bn.- Fkn-F^n-se B³-dn- Iym-]n-äen-kv-äv- {^ïv- B L«¯nð- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bpw- \n-jv-{]`am-bn.- B³-dn- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- {^ïv- ap-g¨p-\n-óp.- hn-cp-²ap-óWn- Fóp-sh¨mð- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-²ap-óWn- am-{Xam-sWóm-bn- s]m-Xp-sh [m-cW.- Im-äv- B hgn-¡m-Wv- BªSn-¨Xv''.- Iayp-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-² ap-óWn-¡mÀ-¡v- Ir-jn-¡m-scbpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-Isfbpw- km-[m-cW¡m-scbpw- BIÀ-jn-¡m³- Ign-ªp.- Ahcp-sS Bbp-[w- cïm-bn-cp-óp.- BXv-ao--bX,- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-tcm-[w.- AXp- kv-Ym-]n-¡m³- \p-WIÄ- BhÀ-¯n-¨p.- cïpw- ^en-¨p.- tIcf cm-jv-{So-b¯nð- Hcp- \nÀ-Wm-bI kv-Ym-\w-t\Sn.- ]Ån-IÄ- C§s\ cm-jv-{So-b¯nð- CSs]Sp-óXn-\v- Ahcp-sS \n-£n-]v-X Xmð-]cy-§Ä- ]cn-c£n-¡p-I Fó e£y-ap-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- asäm-óv- Iayq-Wn-k¯n-s³-d hfÀ-¨ XSbm³- hn-tZi§fnð-\n-ópw- e`n-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-ó `o-aam-b Xp-Ibm-Wv.- FsIPn- 1954 Un-kw-_dnð- ]mÀ-esa³-dnð- tNm-Zn-¨ Hcp- tNm-Zy-¯n-\v- dh\yp-a{´n- Fw- kn- jm- tem-I-k`bnð- {]kv-Xm-hn-¨p.- C´y-bnð- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó {In-kv-Xo-b an-jWdn-IÄ-¡v- 1950 P\p-hcn- ap-Xð- 1954 Pq¬-hscbp-Å Im-e¯v- hn-tZi¯p-\n-ópw- 29 tIm-Sn- 27 e£w- cq-] In-«n-bn-«p-ïv.- kn-tem-Wn-se Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n- sXcsªSp-¸v- klm-bI½n-än- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¨ {]kv-Xm-h\,- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-¡v- hn-tZiklm-bw- F¯p-óXn-s³-d Hcp- hgn- Im-«n-¯cp-óp.- ""...- {_ZÀ- hS¡s³-d "Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-² ap-óWn' Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-Im-scbpw- AXp-t]m-ep-Å ]p-tcmK-a\iIv-Xn-Isfbpw- t\cn-Sm³- Cu- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-¡v- [\hpw- Bthihpw- e`n-¡p-óXv- Atacn-¡bnð-\n-óm-Wv- Fóv- Cóv- \m-«n-se Fñm-hÀ-¡pw- Adn-bmw.- Cu- sXcsªSp-¸nð- P\Io-b Xmð-]cy-§Ä-s¡Xn-cm-b iIv-Xn-Isf kaÀ-Yam-bn- kw-LSn-¸n-¡p-óXn-\p-thïn- kn-tem-Wn-se Atacn-¡³- GP³-dp-am-cnð- {][m-\n-bm-b FUv-aïv- hn-{Iw- knw-lbp-sS hn-ZKv-[am-b t\Xr-Xzw-Iq-Sn- ChÀ-¡v- e`n-¡p-óp-ïv.- CbmÄ- kn-tem-Wn-se Atacn-¡³- hm-SI ]{X§fm-b sUbv-en- \yq-kv,- H_v-kÀ-hÀ,- Zo-\ao-\,- Zn-\Ic³- kn-ep-an-\,- P\X Xp-S§n-b ]{X§sf -\n-b{´n-¨p-t]m-cp-ó Bfm-Wv.''- A¡m-e¯v- Atacn-¡³- Aw-_m-kn-UÀ- Añ³- a¯m-bn- am-ªq-cm-s\ IïXpw- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-² ap-óWn-bnð- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m³- Bhiy-s¸«Xpw- tIcf¯nð- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-bp-sS {]hÀ-¯\¯n-\v- 12,-000 cq-] ho-Xw- am-kw- sIm-Sp-¡p-óp-sïópw- AXp-t]m-se aebm-f at\m-cabv-¡v- \yq-kv-{]n³-dv- hn-e Ip-d¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-óp-sïópw- aäpw- ]dªXpw- am-ªq-cm³- Xsó A¡m-e¯p- ]cky-am-bn- ]dªn-«p-ÅXm-Wv.- (\yq-kv- {]n³-dv- dm-¯en-\v- Aóv- 5 AWbm-bn-cp-óp- hn-e.- at\m-cabv-¡Xv- 2 AWbv-¡v- sIm-Sp-¯p.- hn-cp-² ap-óWn-bp-sS {]hÀ-¯\¯n-\v- ]Ån-IÄ- ]Ww- sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-sóópw- Atacn-¡ ]Ww- sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-ón-sñópw- ^m.- hS¡³- ]n-óo-Sv- Fgp-Xn.)- 1954se Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n- sXcsªSp-¸nð- ]Ån-IÄ- CSs]Sp-óXn-s\Xn-sc F sI Pn-bpw- ln-c¬- ap-JÀ-Pn-bpw- {][m-\a{´n- s\lv-dp-hn-s\gp-Xn.- Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n-bn-se {In-kv-Xy³- ]Ån-IÄ- tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-d sXcsªSp-¸m-¸o-kp-Ifm-bn- am-dn-bn-«p-ÅXv- AhÀ- Nq-ïn-¡m-«n.- F sI Pn- ]dªp.- ""sXcsªSp-¸nð- aXta[m-hn-IÄ- aX¯n-s³d t]cnð- \S¯p-ó ssIIS¯ep-Ifp-sS hy-Iv-Xam-b ]e DZm-lcW§fpw- {][m-\a{´n-¡p-Å B I¯nð- R§Ä- D²cn-¨n-«p-ïv.- \cIs¯ kw-_\v-[n-¨ `btam- ]Ån-b¨òmÀ- hn-[n-¡p-ó in-£tbm- t]Sn-¨p- Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n- P\X X§fp-sS amÀ-Kw- sXcsªSp-¡p-óXnð-\n-óv- ]n³-hm-§p-saóv- {]Xo-£n-¡p-óXv- sXäm-sWóv- R§Ä- B I¯nð- {][m-\a{´n-sb HmÀ-½n-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv.- {]m-Yan-I acym-ZIfp-sS t]cnð- cm-jv-{So-b {]t£m-`¯nð- km-am-\y-acym-Z ]p-eÀ-¯p-óXn-s\ ]cn-KWn-s¨¦n-epw- Xn-cp-þsIm¨n-bn-se ]Ån-Ifp-sS Cu- B]ð-¡cam-b {]hÀ-¯\¯n-\v- Hcp- hn-cm-aan-Sp-hm³- R§Ä- {][m-\a{´n-tbm-Sv- Bhiy-s¸«n-«p-ïv.''- hcm-¸p-g sa{Xm-s¸m-eo-¯ tam-kv-äv- dhdïv- tPm-k^v- A«n-t¸än-bp-sS kÀ-¡p-eÀ- hóp.- ""ASp-¯ sXcsªSp-¸n-ð- It¯m-en-¡¡m-cp-sS IÀ-¯hyw.''- ""amÀ-Iv-kn-kv-äv- kn-²m-´¯nð- ASn-bp-d¨ I£n-Isfóp- kz-bw- AhIm-is¸Sp-óhcm-Wv- Chn-Sp-s¯ Iayq-Wn-kv-äv,- BÀ-Fkv-]n,- sIFkv-]n- Fóo- cm-jv-{So-b]mÀ-Sn-IÄ.- amÀ-Iv-kn-kv-äv- kn-²m-´ kw-ln-Xbnð- ISp-¯ \n-co-iz-cXz-hpw- hn-«p-ho-gv-Nbn-ñm-¯ kÀ-haX hn-tcm-[hpw- aät\Iw- ]cam-_²§fpw- AS§n-bn-cn-¡p-óXp-sIm-ïv- It¯m-en-¡À-¡v- AXv- Hcp- hn-[¯n-epw- kzo-Im-cy-asñóv- Hu-tZym-Kn-Iam-bpw- hy-Iv-Xam-bpw- k` {]Jym-]n-¨p- Ign-ªn-«p-ïv.- C{Xbpw- ]dªXnð\n-ópw- amÀ-Iv-kn-kv-äp-]mÀ-Sn-Isfóp- kz-bw- AhIm-is¸Sp-ó Iayq-Wn-kv-äv,- BÀ-Fkv-]n,- sIFkv-]n- Fóo- ]mÀ-Sn-IÄ-¡v- bm-sXm-cp- It¯m-en-¡\pw- Xs³-d hn-etbdn-b thm-«p-sIm-Sp-¯p-Iq-sSóp- \n-Êtµlw- sXfn-bp-óp.- ]n-Fkv-]n- Fó t]cn-edn-bs¸Sp-ó cm-jv-{So-b]mÀ-Sn- Hcp- amÀ-Iv-kn-b³- ]mÀ-Sn-bsñóv- AhÀ- AhIm-is¸Sp-óp-sï¦n-epw- Chn-sSbp-Å amÀ-Iv-kn-kv-äp-]mÀ-Sn-Ifp-am-bn- thgv-N k¼m-Zn-¨v- A[n-Im-cw- ]n-Sn-s¨Sp-¡p-hm³- Ahsc klm-bn-¡p-óXp-sIm-ïv- B ]mÀ-Sn-bpw- It¯m-en-¡m-¡mÀ-¡v- kzo-Im-cy-añm-sX hón-cn-¡p-óp.- CXn-\mð- Cu- {]tXy-I km-lNcy-¯nð- It¯m-en-¡³- - Xs³-d thm-«p-\ð-In- Cu- ]mÀ-Sn-sb klm-bn-¡m³- ]m-Sn-ñm-¯Xm-Wv.''- ]n-só It¯m-en-¡À- BÀ-¡v- thm-«p-sN¿Ww?- tIm¬-{Kkn-\p-Xsó.- AXn-\m-Wv- kÀ-¡p-ednð- tbip-hn-s³-d D¯a ]p-cp-j³- ajn- sNehm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv.- Cu- kv-Yn-Xn-hn-tijw- 1954ð- Ahkm-\n-¨n-ñ.- Cópw- AXv- Xp-Scp-óXv- Im-Wm³- KthjW¯n-s³-d Bhiy-an-ñ.- AXn-s³-d Im-cWw- ^m.- hS¡³- ]dbp-óXp-Xsó.- ""1954 BIp-t¼m-tg¡pw- tIcf¯n-s³-d \m-\m -`m-K§fn-ep-am-bn- 1700ð-]cw- {]m-tZin-I skñp-IÄ- hn-cp-²ap-óWn-¡p-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- Chbnð- `q-cn-]£hpw- Htóm- ctïm- s]m-Xp-tbm-Khpw- ctïm- aq-tóm- kv-äUn- ¢m-kp-Ifpw- Ign-bp-t¼mÄ- tIm¬-{Kkv- I½n-än-Ifm-bn- am-dp-ó tIm¬-{Kkv- dn-{Iq-«nw-Kv- Hm-^o-kp-Ifm-bn-cp-óp.- Cóv- tIcf¯nð- `cW tIm¬-{Kkn-epw- kw-LS\m- tIm¬-{Kkn-epw- Ign-hp-ä {]hÀ-¯Icnð- 80 iXam-\sa¦n-epw- Fkn-F^nð- {]hÀ-¯n-¨v- Bthiw-sIm-ïhcm-Wv.''- CXn-s³-d AÀ-Yw- hfsc hn-]p-eam-Ip-óp.- t\cpw- s\dn-bpw- kXy-hpw- hÀ-Pn-¨p-sIm-ïp-Å Hcp- {]hÀ-¯\ ]m-c¼cy-am-Wv- hn-cp-² ap-óWn-¡p-ÅXv.- AXv- Iq-Sp-Xð- hfÀ-¯n-sbSp-¡m-\p-Å Ifcn-bm-bn-cp-óp- hn-tam-N\kacw.- B ]m-c¼cyw- Iq-Sp-Xð- Iq-Sp-Xð- aeo-akam-¡n-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡p-óp.- \½p-sS cm-jv-{So-bcw-Kw.- am-[y-a§Ä- Cu- Icn-¡«Isf- s]m-óm-¡n- hm-gv-¯p-óXv- km-aq-ly-\òsb Icp-Xn-bñXsó.- cïm-as¯¡m-cyw- \S¸m-¡m³- t\m-¡n-bXv- tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xm-¡fm-Wv.- P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n-s³-d t]cnð- kn- cm-PtKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-- \S¯n-b Hcp- {]kv-Xm-h\ tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-d DÅn-en-cn-¸v- Xp-dóp-Im-«n.- Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n-bnð- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv-]mÀ-Sn- A[n-Im-c¯nð- hcm³- {ian-¡p-óXv- tI{µhp-am-bn- kw-L«\w- Dïm-¡m-\m-Wv- Fóm-Wv- cm-Pm-Pn- ]dªXv.- tIcfIu-ap-Zn- CXn-s\¸än- bm-YmÀ-Yy-t_m-[t¯m-sS C§s\ {]Xn-Icn-¨p.- ""Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-ImÀ- A[n-Im-c¯nð- hómð- P\m-[n-]Xyw- ]m-sS \in-¨p-t]m-Ip-saóv- hn-Nm-cn-¡p-hm-\p-Å hn-hcan-ñm-bv-a Chn-sSbmÀ-¡p-an-ñ,- tIm¬-{Kkv,- P\m-[n-]Xy-s¯ A§s\ ]m-epw- tX\pw- sIm-Sp-¯v- hfÀ-¯p-Ibm-sWópw- Bcpw- [cn-¨p-sh¨n-«n-ñ.- adn-¨v- P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n-s³-dt]cnð-Xsó P\m-[n-]Xy-s¯ Côn-ôm-bn- sIm-ñp-ó Hcp- Iq-«À- Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n-bn-se tIm¬-{Kkp-Im-sct¸m-se Cu- `q-ap-J¯v- asähn-sSsb¦n-ep-ap-tïm- Fóv- kw-ibam-Wv.- Fón-«pw- tIm¬-{Kkn-sñ¦nð- P\m-[n-]Xyw- \in-¡p-saóm-Wv- t\Xm-¡òmÀ- {]Jym-]n-¡p-óXv''.- cm-Pm-Pn-bp-sS {]kv-Xm-h\ hóbp-Ss\ Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n- Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sSbpw- {]kv-Xm-h\ ]p-d¯p-hóp.- AXnð- ]dbp-óp-: ""Cu- kv-tään-se P\§Ä-¡v- Ahcp-sS cm-jv-{So-bhpw- `cWLS\m-]chp-am-b A[n-Im-cap-]tbm-Kn-¨v- X§Ä-¡n-jv-Sap-Åhsc \n-bak`bn-te¡v- sXcsªSp-¡p-hm³- A[n-Im-cap-tïm,- A§s\ sXcsªSp-¡s¸Sp-ó tIm¬-{Kkn-Xc ]mÀ-Sn-IÄ-¡v- `q-cn-]£w- In-«n-bmð- Ahsc Kh¬-sa³-dv- cq-]o-Icn-¡m³- P\m-[n-]Xy- acym-Zb\p-kcn-¨v- A\p-hZn-¡p-tam- FóXm-Wn-ós¯ {]iv-\w.- AXnð-\n-óv- P\§fp-sS {i²sb hgn-sXän-¡m-\p-Å Hcp- kq-{Xw- am-{Xam-Wv- tI{µhpw- kw-kv-Ym-\hpw- X½nð- kw-L«\ap-ïm-Ip-saó `o-jWn.- ""Iayp-Wn-kv-äv- ]mÀ-Sn-sb kw-_\v-[n-¨n-St¯m-fw- aäv- tIm¬-{Kkn-Xc P\m-[n-]Xy-]mÀ-Sn-Itfm-Sv- tNÀ-óp-sIm-ïv- Chn-sS Hcp- Kh¬-sa³-dv- cq-]o-Icn-¡p-Ibm-sW¦nð- tI{µhp-am-bn- kw-L«\¯n-\p-thïn- am-{Xw- kw-L«\ap-ïm-¡m³- ]mÀ-Sn- Dt±in-¡p-ón-sñóv- hy-Iv-Xam-¡m³- I½n-än- B{Kln-¡p-óp.- Cós¯ `cWLS\ A\p-hZn-¡p-ó ]cn-an-Xam-b A[n-Im-c§fp-]tbm-Kn-¨p-sIm-ïv- km-am-\y-P\§Ä-¡v- ASn-b´cm-izm-kw- \ð-Im³- klm-bn-¡p-ó ]e \S]Sn-Ifpw- Hcp- P\m-[n-]Xy- Kh¬-sa³-dn-\v- FSp-¡p-hm³- Ign-bp-óXp-sIm-ïm-Wv- ]mÀ-Sn- Cós¯ tIm¬-{Kkv- `cWw- \o¡n- Xð-kv-Ym-\¯v- {]Xn-]£I£n-Ifp-sS Hcp- kw-bp-Iv-X Kh¬-sa³-dv- kv-Ym-]n-¡m³- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-óXv.- Añm-sX tI{µhp-am-bn- kw-L«\ap-ïm-¡m-\ñ''.- kw-kv-Ym-\§fpw- tI{µhp-am-bn- kw-L«\§Ä- Dïm-hn-tñ?- Dïm-hpw- Fóv- ]mÀ-Sn- Icp-Xp-óp.- AXn-s³-d Im-cWam-hs« kw-kv-Ym-\¯n-s³-d Xmð-]cy-§Ä- tI{µw- l\n-¡p-t¼m-gm-bn-cn-¡pw.- {]tabw- Xp-Scp-óp.- ""...- {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-bn- A[n-Im-csañmw- tI{µKh¬-sa³-dv- ssIbS¡n-shbv-¡p-Ibpw- kv-tääp-Isf shdpw- ap-\n-kn-¸m-en-än-Ifm-bn- A[:]Xn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-ó Cós¯ `cWLS\bn³-Io-gnð- C¯cw- kw-L«\§Ä- ]et¸m-gpw- Dïm-Ipw.- tIm¬-{Kkv- `cn-¡p-t¼mÄ-Xsó kv-tääp-Ifpw- tI{µhpw- X½nð- kw-L«\§Ä- \S¡p-óp-ïv.- BZm-b\n-Ip-Xn- ho-Xn-¡p-ó Im-cy-¯nð- Xo-{ham-b kw-L«\§Ä- \Sóp.- ssakqÀ-kv-tääpw- C´ym-Kh¬-sa³-dpw- X½nð- hen-sbm-cp- kw-L«\w- \S¡p-Ibp-ïm-bn.- cm-Pm-Pn- ap-Jy-a{´n-bm-b aZn-cm-in- Kh¬-sa³-dpw- tI{µhpw- X½nð- ]e Im-cy-¯n-epw- ]cky-am-b kw-L«\w- ASp-¯Im-e¯p-\Só hkv-Xp-X At±lw- Ct¸mÄ- ad¨p-shbv-¡p-óp-sï¦n-epw- \m-«p-ImÀ- adón-«n-ñ.- ""Xn-cp-þsIm-¨n-bn-se tIm¬-{Kkv- a{´n-k`bpw- tI{µhpw- X½nð- C§s\ kw-L«\§fp-ïm-bn-«p-ïv.- F sP tPm-Wpw- Iq-«p-Im-cpw- - Fñm- Im-cy-¯n-epw- kv-tään-s³-d Xmð-]cy-§Ä- tI{µ¯n-\Sn-bdsh¨v- Io-gS§p-Ibm-Wv- sNbv-Xn-«p-ÅsXó hkv-Xp-Xbpw- Cóm-«p-ImÀ-¡dn-hp-Å kw-KXn-bm-Wv.''- hn-tam-N\kacm-thiw- 59ð- Añ Xp-S§n-bsXóm-Wv- ap-Ifnð -sIm-Sp-¯ hn-hcWw- Im-Wn-¡p-óXv.- AXv- Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-]mÀ-Sn- sXcsªSp-¸nð- ]s¦Sp-¡m³- Xp-S§n-btXm-sS Bcw-`n-¨p.- AhÀ- Bbp-[am-¡n-b Iayq-Wn-kv-äv- hn-cp-² hn-Im-cw- Hcp- sIm-Sp-¦m-än-s³-d cq-]¯n-te¡p-bÀ-¯m³- 1959ð- AhÀ-¡v- Ign-ªp.- Fñm- ]n-´n-cn-¸³- kv-Ym-]n-X Xmð-]cy-¡m-scbpw- ]n-ónð- AWn-\n-c¯m³- ]Ån-¡p- Ign-ªp.- tNm-c sIm-Xn-¡p-ó Ip-dp-\cn-sbt¸m-se `cWZm-lhp-am-bn- Dgdn-\Só tIm¬-{Kkpw- AhÀ-s¡m-¸w- tNÀ-óp.- Ahcm-{Kln-¨sXm-s¡ \Sóp.- Ahcm-{Kln-¡m-¯ ]eXpw- H¸w- \Sóp.- Aóp-hsc \n-tj[n-¡s¸« ]eXpw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡s¸«p.- \n-Êm-cam-bn- Cóv- tXm-óm-sa¦n-epw- AXv- hen-sbm-cp- Xp-S¡am-bn-cp-óp.- Fs³-d Iq-«p-Im-c³- Im-fm-¼d¼³- hÀ-¡n- ]dªXv- Rm-\n-ópw- HmÀ-¡p-óp.- Ah\v- ao-ish¨v- \S¡m³- km-[n-¨Xv- hn-tam-N\kacw- hótXm-sSbm-sWóv.- Aóp-hsc ao-ish¨p- \S¡p-óhÀ- sFap-¡fm-bn-cp-óp.- (Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-Im-sc Aóv- A§s\bm-Wv- hn-fn-¨n-cp-óXv).- Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-ImÀ- sFIy-ap-óWn-bp-sS hIv-Xm-¡fm-bn-cp-ótñm.- hfscthKw- B am-ä¯n-s³-d ^ew- Iïp-Xp-S§n.- CHINTHA asäm-cp- "alm-cm-Pm-kv'- sNdm-bn- cm-aZm-kv- X§Ä-¡v- Cjv-St¡Sp-ïm-¡p-ó Im-cy-§sf Hscm-ä sh«n-\v- Ncn-{X¯nð-\n-óv- \o-¡n-¡fbm-\p-Å Hcp- \o-¡w- Cu-bn-sS IïXv- FdWm-Ip-fw- alm-cm-Pm-kv- tIm-tfPn-em-Wv.- Ahn-Ss¯ ]q-À-h hn-ZymÀ-Yn-kw-LS\ \S¯n-b Ggv- ]Xn-äm-ïn-s³-d "]qÀ-h hn-ZymÀ-Yn- kw-Ka'-t¯m-sSm-¸w- Hcp- ho-Un-tbm- kn- Un- ]p-d¯n-d¡n-bn-«p-ïv-; "alm-cm-Pm-kv-þa[p-cn-¡pw- HmÀ-½IÄ'- Fóm-Wv- t]cv.- {]Wb Bð-_§tfm-Sp- aXv-kcn-¡m³- X¡ ss]¦n-fn- \n-ehm-ct¯m-sSbm-Wv- Cu- sXcsªSp-¯'- Ncn-{Xm-Jym-\w- X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv.- a[p-cn-¡m-¯ HmÀ-aIsfm-ópw- AXn-en-sñ¦n-epw,- B Iem-eb¯n-s³-d t\À- IY Cu- \m-Sn-\v- HmÀ-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hn-ñ.- kw-Ka¯n-epw- kn-Un-bn-epw- BZyw- A\p-kv-acn-t¡ïn-bn-cp-ó ]qÀ-hhn-ZymÀ-Yn,- B ]m-hw- ap-¯p-t¡m-bbm-Wv.- aq-óc ]Xn-äm-ïp-ap-¼v- tlm-kv-äð- ap-ä¯n-«v- cm-jv-{So-b sIm-ebm-fn-IÄ- Bfp-am-dn- Ip-¯n-s¡m-ó e£Zzo-]p-Im-c³- ]¿³.- 133 sIm-ñs¯ Ncn-{Xap-Å tIm-tfPnð- kw-`hn-¨ GI cIv-Xkm-£n-Xzw.- hn-Zy-t\Sn- Po-hn-X hn-Pbw- tXSm-saóv- tam-ln-¨v- ISð- ISsó¯n-b B hn-ZymÀ-Yn-bp-sS Zm-cp-Wam-b A´y-s¯¡p-dn-¨v- HmÀ-¡m³- kw-Lm-SIÀ-¡v- a\Êp-hón-ñ.- AsXm-cp- ssIs¯äsñópw,- kw-Lm-SIcp-sS at\m-`m-h¯n-s³-d {]Xn-^e\am-sWópw- Xn-cn-¨dn-bm³,- kw-Ka]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw- kn-Un-bpw- {i²n-¨hÀ-¡v- {]bm-kap-ïm-hn-ñ.- ap-¯p-t¡m-bbp-sS sIm-ebm-fn-IÄ- bYmÀ-Y¯nð- e£y-am-¡n-bn-cp-óbmÄ `m-Kyw,- Cópw- \t½m-sSm-¸ap-ïv-: tUm.- tXm-akv- sFkIv.- sIm-ebm-fn-IÄ- hóXv- sFk¡n-s\ tXSn-bm-bn-cp-óp.- alm-cm-Pm-kv- Hcp- Iem-ebw- am-{Xañm-bn-cp-óp- Aóv.- \m-Sn-s\ cm-jv-{So-b {]_p-²am-¡p-óXnð- al¯m-b ]¦v- hln-¨ Ht«sd hn-ZymÀ-Yn-Ifp-ïm-bn-cp-óp- Aóhn-sS.- Ahcp-sS \m-bI\m-bn-cp-óp- tXm-akv- sFkIv.- \m-Sv- `cn-¨n-cp-ó Cµn-cm- tIm¬-{Kkn-s³-d hn-ZymÀ-Yn- Kp-ïIfpw- hm-SI Kp-ïIfpw- B alm- hn-Zym-eb¯nð- \S¯n-b sX½m-Sn-hm-gv-Nsb sNdp-¯p-\n-ó t]m-cm-fn-Ifm-bn-cp-óp- AhÀ.- kÀ-Km-Xv-aI hn-ZymÀ-Yn- cm-jv-{So-b¯n-s³-d {]` sNm-cn-ª B t\Xr-Xz-\n-cbnð- s]«hcm-bn-cp-óp- Fkv- ctai\pw- sI F³- hm-kp-tZh\pw- Sn- BÀ- in-hi¦c\pw- kp-[À-abpw- aäpw.- ASn-b´cm-hkv-Ybp-sS `o-Ic \m-fp-Ifn-epw- ]u-ckzm-X{´y-kv-t\ln-IÄ-¡v- A`nam-\Icam-bn- AhÀ- s]m-cp-Xn.- Aóv- alm-cm-Pm-knð-\n-óv- F¯p-ó hmÀ-¯IÄ-¡m-bn- Hm-tcm- Zn-\m-´¯n-epw,- \Kc¯n-\¸p-ds¯ Im-bð- Xp-cp-¯p-Ifn-se bp-h Iayq-Wn-kv-äp-IÄ- s\ôn-Sn-t¸m-sS Im-tXmÀ-¡p-am-bn-cp-óp.- Ahcp-sS s\ôn-secn-bp-ó I\em-bn-cp-óp- Aóv- alm-cm-Pm-kv.- hn-¹h hn-ZymÀ-Yn- cm-jv-{So-b {]hÀ-¯\w- P\]£ sNdp-¯p-\nð-¸p-Itfm-Sp- I®n-tNÀ-t¡ïXv- F§s\sbóv- Cu- \m-Sn-s\ ]Tn-¸n-¨Xv- Ahn-Ss¯ Fkv-F^v-sF Ip-«n-Ifm-Wv.- sIm-ebm-fn- cm-jv-{So-bs¯ sNdp-¡m³- tIcf¯n-\p- Icp-¯v- ]Icp-Ibm-bn-cp-óp- B Ibv-]p-\n-dª A\p-`h§Ä.- "ASn-b´c'- Xm-Wv-UhIm-es¯ alm-cm-Pm-kn-s\¸än,- ]n-óm-se ]p-d¯n-d§n-b tIm-tfPv- am-Kkn-\nð,- acn-¨p-t]m-b Ihn- bp.- PbN{µ³- Fgp-Xn-: "\q-äm-ïp- ]n-ón-« hÀ-j¯nð- XWð- act¨m-Sp-IÄ- hn-P\am-bn-cp-óp.- Dds¡ Nn-cn-¡p-ó Iq-«p-Im-cp-sS ap-J§Ä- Hcp- `o-Xn-bp-sS BhcWaWn-ªv- A\p-kcWtbm-sS hn-ckam-b seIv-NÀ- ¢m-kp-Ifn-te¡v.- bm-{´n-Iam-b A¨S¡¯n-s³-d,- ASn-a¯¯n-s³-d \m-fp-IÄ.- Rm-t\mÀ-¡p-óp,- CS\m-gn-Ifnð- s]m-«n-¡c¨n-ep-IÄ- DbÀ-óXv.- A£c§fn-ñm-s¯m-cp- hn-em-]Ko-Xam-bn- AXv- Iym-¼kn-s³-d iv-aim-\¯nð- Bfn-¸SÀ-óXv.- Xcn-hfIÄ- kn-a³-dp-Xdbnð- DSªp-XIÀ-óXv.'....- Cñm,- CsXm-ópw- "a[p-cn-¡pw- HmÀ-aI'-fñ Xsó! CHINTHA hóp,- Cþaen-\o-IcWhpw- tPm-Pn- Iq-«p-t½ð- HSp-hnð- Cþaen-\o-IcWhpw- hóp.- 2007þð- am-{Xw- 3.-3 e£w- S¬- Cþam-en-\y-am-Wv- C´y-bnð- DXv-]m-Zn¸n-¡s¸«Xv.- Iq-Sm-sX 50,-000 S¬- am-en-\y- kam-\am-b D]IcW§Ä- hn-hn-[ cm-Py-§fnð-\n-óv- Cd¡p-aXn- sN¿p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä- F-óp-]-d-ªmð- C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv- Dð-]-ó-§-fnð-\n-óp-Å- am-en-\y-§Ä- F-óÀ-°w.- sS-en-hn-j-³,- I-¼yq-«À,- tS-¸v- dn-¡mÀ-UÀ,- hn.-kn.-BÀ,- sam-ss_ð- t^m-¬- F-ón-h-bm-Wv- C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å- {]-[m-\- h-kv-Xp-¡Ä.- D-]-tbm-K-Im-ew- I-gn-tªm- A-ñm-sX-tbm- D-t]-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-ó- C-¯-cw- h-kv-Xp-¡-fm-Wv- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä.- D-]-I-c-W-§Ä- ]qÀ-®-am-bn- D-t]-£n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-óp-an-ñ.- I-¼yq-«-dn-s³d- kn- Un- tdm-ap-IÄ,- ^v-tfm-¸n- Un-kv-Ip-IÄ,- {]n-³d-dn-s³d- tSm-WÀ,- sam-ss_ð- t^m-Wn-s³d-bpw- bp-]n-F-kn-s³d-bpw- _m-ä-dn-IÄ- F-ón-h-bpw- C-þ-am-en-\y-am-Imw.- am-en-\yw,- a-en-\o-I-c-Ww- F-óo- ]-Z-§Ä- km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó- AÀ-°-Ið-]-\-I-fnð- \n-óv- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv- C-þ-am-en-\yw.- am-en-\y-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- \-ap-¡p-Å- ]-c-¼-cm-K-X- [m-c-W-I-sf-ñmw- C-þ-am-en-\yw- Xn-cp-¯pw.- No-ª-fn-ª- A-gp-¡p-I-fn-ñ,- ZpÀ-K-\v-[-an-ñ,- I-ïmð- A-d-¸v- tXm-ón-¡p-ó- Zr-iy-ssh-Ir-X-an-ñ.- Im-gv-N-bnð- kp-µ-c-am-b-Xpw- sXm-«mð- an-\p-an-\p-¸p-Å-Xpw.- Cu- kp-µ-c-òmÀ- F-´v- A-]-I-S-am-Wv- D-ïm-¡m-³ t]m-Ip-ó-Xv-?- C-þ-am-en-\y-¯nð- G-ä-hpw- ap-Jy-am-b-Xv- D-]-tbm-K-ti-jw- D-t]-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-ó- I-¼yq-«-dp-I-fm-Wv.- H-cp- I-¼yq-«-dnð- `m-c-¯n-s³d- A-ôn-sem-ónð- Iq-Sp-Xð- ¹m-kv-än-¡m-Wv.- G-Xm-ïv- ]-Xn-\m-dnð- H-óp- `m-Kw- se-Uv- B-Wv.- Ip-d-ª-Xv- c-ïp- In-tem-{Kmw- se-Uv- H-cp- I-¼yp-«-dnð- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw.- km-[m-c-W-\n-e-bnð- se-Uv- \n-cp-]-{Z-h-Im-cn-bm-b- H-cp- tem-l-am-Wv.- ]-t£- Nq-Sm-bmð- A-´-co-£-¯nð- hym-]n-¡pw.- C-Xv- i-co-c-¯n-\p-Ånð- I-S-ómð- AÀ-_p-Zw- DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å- tcm-K-§Ä-¡v- Im-c-W-am-Ipw.- se-Uv- am-{X-a-ñ-;- Sn-³,- kn-¦v,- \n-¡ð,- h-t\-Un-bw,- saÀ-¡p-dn,- A-gv-k-\n-¡v- F-ón-§-s\- A-]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-b- tem-l- am-en-\y-§-fp-sS- h-en-sbm-cp- Iq-«w-X-só-bp-ïv- I-¼yq-«-dnð.- ]n-só-bp-Å-Xv- ¹m-kv-än-¡m-Wv.- ]m-gv- ¹m-kv-än-¡n-s³d- kw-kv-I-c-Ww- C-óv- tem-Iw- t\-cn-Sp-ó- {]-[m-\- sh-ñp-hn-fn-bm-sW-ó-Xv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p- I-gn-ªn-«p-ïv.- tem-l-am-en-\y-§-fp-sS- Im-cy-hpw- A-Xp-X-só.- C-h- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó-Xp-X-só- A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b- am-en-\y-§Ä- (l-kmÀ-U-kv- th-kv-äv)- F-óm-Wv.- P-\-§-fp-sS- ssZ-\w-Zn-\- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³d- `m-K-am-bn- D-ïm-Ip-ó- am-en-\y-§-fn-sem-óp-t]m-epw- C-¯-cw- "-l-kmÀ-U-kv- th-kv-äv-'-þ-s³d- ]-«n-I-bn-en-ñ.- A-h-sb-ñmw- \-h- km-t¦-Xn-I- hn-Zym- h-fÀ-¨-bp-sS- ^-e-am-bn- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-ó-Xm-Wv.- e-`y-am-b- Nn-e- I-W-¡p-IÄ- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡mw.- C-´y-bn-em-sI- I-gn-ª-hÀ-jw- 3.-3 e-£w- S-¬- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¨p-sh-óv- ]-d-ª-tñm-?- C-Xn-s³d- 30%- sX-t¡- C-´y-bp-sS- h-I-bm-Wv.- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-Xð- am-en-\yw- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv- C-´y-bp-sS- ]-Sn-ªm-d-³ `m-K-am-Wv.- 35%.- h-S-t¡- C-´y- C-þ-am-en-\y-¯n-s³d- 21%- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ- In-g-¡-³ kw-kv-Ym-\-§Ä- 14%- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-óp.- Cu- I-W-¡p-I-f-ñ- {]-[m-\w.- t]-Sn-s¸-Sp-¯p-ó- a-säm-cp- I-W-¡p-ïv.- C-´y-bn-em-sI- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-ó- C-þ-am-en-\y-¯n-s³d- 40%- am-{X-sa- ]p-\-:-Nw-{I-a-W-¯n-\v- hn-t[-b-am-Ip-óp-Åq.- _m-¡n- ap-gp-h-\pw- X-Xv-Im-ew- ]-g-b- kv-täm-dp-I-fn-te-¡pw- sj-Up-I-fn-te-¡pw- am-ä-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- B-k-ó-`m-hn-bnð-X-só- A-h- h-en-s¨-dn-b-s¸-«p- Xp-S-§pw.- am-\p-^m-Iv-N-td-gv-kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-³ t^mÀ- C-³^À-ta-j-³ sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn,- PÀ-½-³ sS-Iv-\n-¡ð- tIm-þ-Hm-¸-td-j-³ G-P-³kn- F-ón-h- tNÀ-óv,- \-S-¯n-b- H-cp- ]-T-\-¯n-em-Wv- C-¡m-cy-§Ä- sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«-Xv.- G-ä-hpw- {]-[m-\- h-kv-Xp-X- ]-T-\- {]-tZ-i-s¯- D-]-t`m-Iv-Xm-¡-fnð- 94%-hpw- C-þ-a-en-\o-I-c-W-¯n-s³d- kw-kv-I-c-W-s¯-¸-än- F-s´-¦n-epw- X-c-¯n-ep-Å- A-dn-hp-IÄ- D-Å-h-c-ñ- F-ó-Xm-Wv.- k-ao-]-`m-hn-bnð-X-só- kv-Yn-Xn-K-Xn-IÄ- Iq-Sp-Xð- h-j-fm-Ipw- F-óm-Wn-Xn-s³d-bÀ-°w.- sF.-Sn- hn-I-k-\-¯n-s³d- ta-J-e-bnð- h-f-sc- ]n-ónð- \nð-¡p-ó- cm-Py-am-Wv- \-½p-tS-Xv.- hn-I-kn-X- cm-Py-§Ä- ]-e-Xpw- sF- Sn- am-en-\y-§Ä-sIm-ïv- hoÀ-¸p-ap-«m-³ Xp-S-§n-¡-gn-ªp.- A-ta-cn-¡-X-só-bm-Wv- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-Xð- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó- cm-Pyw.- A-hn-sS- em-³Uv- ^n-ñnw-Kn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó- ]m-gv-h-kv-Xp-¡-fnð- 2%- B-Wv- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä.- F-ómð- C-Xv- A-hn-sS- B-sI- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-ó- A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b- hn-j-am-en-\y-§-fp-sS- 70%- h-cpw.- a-äp- am-en-\y-§-sf- A-t]-£n-¨v- C-þ-am-en-\y-¯n-s³d- A-]-I-S- km-²y-X- F-{X-am-{Xw- hÀ-²n-¨n-cn-¡p-óp- F-óm-Wv- Cu- I-W-¡v- \ð-Ip-ó- kq-N-\.- c-ïp-X-c-¯n-em-Wv- C-þ-am-en-\yw- A-]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-Ip-ó-Xv.- H-óm-a-t¯-Xv- C-Xnð- A-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-ó- am-c-I- hn-j-h-kv-Xp-¡-fm-Wv.- A-h-bnð- ap-Jyw- t\-c-s¯- ]-d-ª- ar-Zp-tem-l-§Ä- X-só.- c-ïm-a-t¯-Xv- AÀ-_p-Z-Im-cn-I-fm-b- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-¡-fm-Wv.- ]n-kn-_n- F-ó- Np-cp-¡-t¸-cnð- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó- t]m-fn- t¢m-dn-t\-ä-Uv- ss_-^n-\-bnð-kv- F-ó- hn-`m-K-¯nð-s¸-Sp-ó- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-¡-fm-Wv- C-h-bnð- {]-[m-\w.- a-säm-óv- ]n- hn- kn-I-fpw.- I-¼yq-«-dn-s³d- ¹m-kv-än-Iv- `m-K-§-fn-em-Wv- C-h- Im-W-s¸-Sp-ó-Xv.- A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b- tem-l- am-en-\y-§-fnð- ap-Jyw- se-Uv- B-sW-óv- t\-c-s¯- ]-d-ªp-h-tñm-?.- I-¼yq-«-dnð- am-{X-a-ñ- sS-en-hn-j-³ sk-äp-I-fn-epw- k-am-\-am-b- A-f-hnð- se-Uv- A-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-óp.- H-cp- I-¼yq-«-dn-\v- km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- 30þ-35 In-tem-{Kmw- `m-cw- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw.- C-h-bnð- 2 In-tem-{Kmw- se-Uv- B-Wv.- sS-en-hn-j-³/-I-¼yq-«À- tam-Wn-ä-dp-I-fp-sS- ]n-Iv-NÀ- Syq-_n-s³d- h-i-§-fn-em-Wv- se-Uv- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.- hn-ti-jn-¨v- kn.-BÀ.-Sn- F-ó- Np-cp-¡-t¸-cnð- hn-]-Wn-bnð- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó- Im-tYm-Uv- td- Syq-_p-I-fnð.- ]n-Iv-NÀ- Syq-_n-s³d- h-en-¸w- A-\p-k-cn-¨v- se-Uv- A-f-hnð- hy-Xym-kw-h-cmw.- \-½p-sS- h-en-b- sS-en-hn-j-³ sk-äp-I-fnð- \m-ev- In-tem-{Kmw-h-sc- se-Uv- I-S-¯n-bn-«p-ïm-Imw.- ]n-só- ]-cn-K-Wn-t¡-ï-Xv- Im-Uv-an-bw- B-Wv.- h-f-sc- Ip-d-t¨- A-Xp-Åq- F-ó-Xv- i-cn-X-só.- ]-t£- A-]-I-S- km-²y-X- G-dpw.- a-\p-jy-i-co-c-¯n-se-¯n-bmð- hr-¡-I-fp-sS- {]-hÀ-¯-\w- X-I-cm-dn-em-hpw.- A-kv-Yn-tcm-K-§-fp-sS- km-²y-X- Iq-Spw.- KÀ-`n-Wn-I-fnð- A-Xv- KÀ-`-kv-Y- in-ip-hn-s³d- B-tcm-Ky-s¯- _m-[n-¡pw.- ]n-Iv-NÀ- Syq-_n-s³d- ap-³`m-K-¯v- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó- t_m-dn-bw- B-Wv- a-säm-cp- hn-j-a-b- aq-e-Iw.- t]-in-I-sf-bpw- lr-Z-b-t¯-bp-am-Wv- A-Xv- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- _m-[n-¡p-ó-Xv.- F-´p-sIm-ïm-Wv- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä- C-¯-c-¯nð- s]-cp-Ip-ó-Xv-?- D-¯-cw- h-f-sc- e-fn-X-am-Wv.- Cu- ta-J-e-bnð- km-t¦-Xn-I- hn-Zym- h-fÀ-¨- h-f-sc- th-K-¯n-em-Wv.- h-f-sc- th-K-¯nð- ]p-Xn-b- ]p-Xn-b- tam-U-ep-IÄ- hn-]-Wn-bnð- C-d-¡-s¸-Sp-óp.- ]p-Xn-b- tam-U-ep-I-fnð- Iq-Sp-Xð- {]-hÀ-¯-\- ku-I-cy-§-fpw- Im-Wpw.- ]-g-b-Xv- D-t]-£n-¨v- ]p-Xn-b-Xv- hm-§m-\p-Å- {]-h-W-X- A-§-s\-bm-Wv- hÀ-²n-¡p-ó-Xv.- H-cp- I-¼yp-«-dn-s³d- i-cm-i-cn- B-bp-Êv- B-dp-hÀ-j-am-W-s{X.- H-cp- sam-ss_ð- t^m-Wn-s³d- B-bp-Êv- F-{X- hÀ-j-am-Wv-?- hn-e- Iq-Sn-b- tam-U-ep-IÄ- Iq-Sp-Xð- Im-e-t¯-¡v- D-]-tbm-Kn-t¨-¡mw.- F-ómð- hn-e-Ip-d-ª- sk-äp-I-fp-sS- B-bp-Êv- h-f-sc- Ip-d-hm-Wv.- B-bn-cw- cq-]-bv-¡v- C-óv- H-cp- lm-³Uv- sk-äv- In-«pw.- H-tóm- c-tïm- hÀ-j-t¯-¡v- ku-P-\y- C-³I-anw-Kv- tIm-fp-IÄ- F-ó-Xm-W-h-bp-sS- ap-Jy- B-IÀ-j-W- L-S-Iw.- an-¡-hm-dpw- C-{X-bpw-Im-ew- X-só-bm-bn-cn-¡pw- A-h-bp-sS- B-bp-kpw.- H-óp-Inð- C-¡m-e-¯n-\n-S-bnð- lm-³Uv-sk-äp-IÄ- tI-Sm-Ipw.- A-Xv- \-óm-¡p-ó-Xn-\p-Å- ]-W-ap-sï-¦nð- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- H-sc-®w- hm-§m-³ I-gn-bpw.- A-Xp-a-sñ-¦nð- ku-P-\y- C-³I-anw-Kv- tIm-fp-I-fp-sS- k-a-b-]-cn-[n- I-gn-bp-t¼mÄ- A-Xn-s³d- {]-hÀ-¯-\-s¨-e-hv- Iq-Spw.- em-`w- ]p-Xn-b-sXm-óv- hm-§p-ó-Xm-Ipw.- A-t¸m-tg-¡pw- Iq-Sp-Xð- ku-I-cy-§-fp-Å- ]p-Xn-b- tam-U-ep-IÄ- hn-]-Wn-bnð- F-¯p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- C-§-s\- h-en-s¨-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó- lm-³Uv- sk-äp-I-fn-se- _m-ä-dn-I-fm-Wv- Iq-Sp-Xð- A-]-I-S-Im-cn-IÄ.- a-äp-`m-K-§Ä- an-¡-hm-dpw- ¹m-kv-än-Iv- B-Wv.- c-ïn-\pw- A-Xn-t³d-Xm-b- A-]-I-S-ap-ïv.- sF- Sn- Dð-]-ó-§Ä- ]-cn-kv-Yn-Xn-¡v- G-ä-hpw- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv- F-óm-bn-cp-óp- \-½p-sS- C-Xp-h-sc-bp-ïm-bn-cp-ó- [m-c-W.- F-ñm- Hm-^o-kp-I-fpw- I-¼yq-«À-h-Xv-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-ó-tXm-sS- I-S-em-kn-s³d- D-]-tbm-Kw- Ip-d-bp-sa-ópw- A-Xp-h-gn- h-\-\-io-I-c-Ww- Ip-d-bv-¡m-sa-óp-am-Wv- H-cp- t\-«-am-bn- ]-d-ªn-cp-ó-Xv.- "-"-t]-¸À-se-kv- Hm-^o-kv-'-',- F-sóm-cp- k-¦ð-]w-X-só- C-Xn-\m-bn- h-fÀ-¯n-sb-Sp-¯n-cp-óp.- ]-t£- C-ó-s¯- co-Xn-bnð- ap-tóm-«p-t]m-bmð- am-\-h-cm-in-bp-sS- \n-e-\nð-]n-\v- h-en-b- `o-j-Wn-bm-bn- C-þ-am-en-\y-§Ä- am-dpw.- 2006se- H-cp- ]-T-\-{]-Im-cw- 14.-6 e-£w- S-¬- C-þ-am-en-\y-am-Wv- C-´y-bnð- B-sI- D-ïm-bn-cp-ó-Xv.- c-ïv- Z-im-_v-Z-§Ä-t]m-epw- th-ïn-h-ón-ñ- C-{X-bpw- am-en-\y-§Ä- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-³.- C-Xn-s³d- Iq-sS-bm-Wv- 2007þð- B-`y-´-c-am-bn- D-Xv-]m-Zn-¸n-¨-Xpw- C-d-¡p-a-Xn-bpw- tNÀ-¯v- 3.-8 e-£w- S-¬- Iq-Sn- h-ó-Xv.- 2011 B-Ip-t¼mÄ- C-Xv- {]-Xn-hÀ-jw- 4.-7 e-£w- S-¬- B-bn- D-b-cp-sa-óv- I-W-¡m-¡p-óp.- tað-]-d-ª-h- am-{X-a-ñ- C-þ-am-en-\y-¯nð-s]-Sp-ó-Xv.- hm-jnw-Kv- sa-jo-\p-IÄ,- d-{^n-P-td-ä-dp-IÄ,- F-bÀ-I-ïo-j-W-dp-IÄ- F-ón-h- ap-Xð- C-e-Iv-{Sn-Iv- A-b-¬,- hm-Izw- ¢o-\À,- kn- F-^v- em-¼p-IÄ,- tkm-Un-bw- th-¸À- em-¼p-IÄ- F-ón-h-sbm-s¡- C-Xnð-s]-Sp-óp.- F-óm-epw- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-Xð- h-en-s¨-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó-Xpw- A-Xp-h-gn- G-ä-hpw- Ip-Sp-Xð- A-]-I-Sw- h-cp-¯n-h-bv-¡p-ó-Xpw- I-¼yq-«-dp-I-fpw- sam-ss_ð- lm-³Uv- sk-äp-I-fp-am-Wv.- F-´m-Wv- C-þ-a-en-\o-I-c-W-s¯- a-dn-I-S-¡m-\p-Å- amÀ-¤w-?- D-]-tbm-Kw- Ip-d-¨p-sIm-ïv- h-cn-I-bm-Wv- G-ä-hpw- kp-c-£n-Xw.- ]-t£- C-\n-bp-Å- Im-e-¯v- h-en-b- tXm-Xn-sem-ópw- D-]-tbm-Kw- Ip-d-bv-¡m-³ I-gn-bn-ñ.- F-óm-epw- G-ä-hpw- A-Xym-h-iy-ap-Å-hÀ- am-{Xw- C-h-sbm-s¡- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨mð- a-Xn-sb-óv- Xo-cp-am-\n-t¡-ïn-h-cpw.- s]m-§-¨-¯n-\p-th-ïn- I-¼yq-«À- hm-§-ï.- F-ñm-hÀ-¡pw- Hm-tcm-óv- F-ó-Xn-t\-¡mÄ- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-³ I-gn-bp-ó- I-t^-I-sf- t{]m-Xv-km-ln-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿mw.- Iq-Sp-Xð-Im-ew- \n-e-\nð-¡p-ó- tam-U-ep-IÄ- hm-§p-I- F-ó-Xpw- {]-[m-\-am-Wv.- h